Nasal Discharge

Question 1

Major bacteria that are associated with GPE:

Answer 1

1. Strep zoo

2. Strep equi

Question 2

GPE CS:

Answer 2

Recurrent, unilateral, purulent nasal discharge

Worsens when head lowered

Question 3

GPE diagnostic method of choice

Answer 3

Endoscopy - direct visualization

Can see feed in nasopharynx

Question 4

GPE Treatment:

Answer 4

Flush + abx

Question 5

How do we flush GPE?

Answer 5

Give xylazine so they get head down

Flush with LRS

Question 6

What are chondroids?How do we treat?

Answer 6

Conceptions of pus seen in chronic GPE

Treat with basket retrieval or surgical removal

Question 7

Which abx do we use for GPE?

Answer 7

Penicillin

But we must flush too!

Question 8

T/F: strangles is highly contagious and reportable infection of strep zoo

Answer 8

False!

Highly contagious, reportable, strep EQUI
Always pathogenic

Question 9

Which age group gets strangles?

Answer 9

Young!

Kinda like chicken pox where they get it and done

can be seen in older, immunocompromised too

Question 10

CS of strangles:

Answer 10

Fever, depression, nasal discharge, cough
Swelling/draining of submandibular LN
Infection of retropharyngeal LN

Question 11

What is the time frame for strangles infections?

Answer 11

Abcess = 5-7 day

Rupture = 1O-14 day

Question 12

How do we diagnose strangles?

Answer 12

Culture/sens
PCR - but can have false +
SeM Ab titer - detects recent infection

Question 13

Can we vaccinate an animal with strangles?

Answer 13

No!

Can develop purpura

Question 14

What are some major strangles complications?

Answer 14

1. Retropharyngeal LN involvement
2. Purpura
3. Bastard Strangles
4. Dyspnea/Distress
5. Endocarditis/Myocarditis
6. Brain abscesses

Question 15

Explain the significance of retropharyngeal LN in strangles:

Answer 15

Sit on the floor of GP and can rupture against gravity leading to GPE

Question 16

What are bastard strangles?

Answer 16

Systemic strangles
Mets to LN all over the body

Can lead to peritonitis
Difficult to treat

Question 17

How do we treat strangles?

Answer 17

Abx*
NSAIDs*
Hot packs to accelerate maturation of abcess
Isolation
Monitor animals not yet infected - temp them

Question 18

How are abx involved in strangles tx?

Answer 18

Penicillin ONLY in complicated cases or if catch @ beginning of fever

Question 19

When do we give NSAIDs?

Answer 19

Only if off feed

Question 20

What is a disadvantage to treating with penicillin when we first detect fever?

Answer 20

They will never develop immunity

Question 21

How long do we isolate the farm w/strangles?

Answer 21

6mo-1yr

Question 22

What is purpura?

Answer 22

Immune-mediated vasculitis

Question 23

Which agents are involved in purpura? [3]

Answer 23

Strep zoo
Step equi
Influenza

Question 24

CS of purpura:

Answer 24

Limb edema

Nasopharyngeal collapse

Question 25

Diagnosis of purpura:

Answer 25

Skin biopsy - leukcytoclastic vasculitis

Question 26

How do we treat purpura?

Answer 26

``` Penicillin [this is complicated strangles] Hydrotherapy Sweat bandages - to help edema NSAIDs DMSO - in wraps Corticosteroids in severe cases ```

Question 27

2 major pneumonia’s that foals get:

Answer 27

1. Foal pneumonia | 2. Rhodococcus

Question 28

What are the agents in foal pneumonia?

Answer 28

Strep zoo Strep equi Actinobacillus

Question 29

Typical foal pneumonia lung sounds:

Answer 29

Ins/ex crackles/wheezes @ cranial ventral lobes

Question 30

Foal pneumonia rads:

Answer 30

Mixed interstitial/alveolar patterns

Question 31

Treating foal pneumonia:

Answer 31

Penicillin | TMS

Question 32

T/F: RHodococcus is gram+, bacillus

Answer 32

False! Coccobacillus

Question 33

Is rhodococcus intra/extra cellular?

Answer 33

Intra!!

Question 34

When do foals get affected with rhodococcus?

Answer 34

Affected @ birth, signs 2-4mo when they have significant resp compromise

Question 35

Rhodococcus risk factors:

Answer 35

Hot/dry - they inhale more | Breeding farms

Question 36

Rhodococcus CS:

Answer 36

``` Crackles/wheezes Fever D+ Polysinovitis - immune mediated - multiple limbs Osteomyelitis - 1 limb ```

Question 37

Rhodococcus vs foal pneumonia CBC:

Answer 37

HIGH fibrinogen rhodococcus | LOW fibrinogen foal pneumonia

Question 38

rhodococcus rads:

Answer 38

Perihilar pulm abcesses/miliary We can also see broncho-pneumonia pattern/interstitial

Question 39

Why do we freeze-thaw culture sample?

Answer 39

Will burst and the intracellular bac will spill out making it easier to ID

Question 40

Why do we use US to monitor rhodococcus?

Answer 40

Majority of abcesses are superficial

Question 41

Does size of abcess matter in terms of treatment?

Answer 41

Yes! Under 1Ocm = no treat Over 1O cm = treat

Question 42

How do we treat rhodococcus?

Answer 42

Macrolides Rifampin - targets intracellularly Anti-ulcer meds NSAIDs Hyperimmune serum

Question 43

When do we give the hypperimmune serum?

Answer 43

As a preventative within first few days of birth

Question 44

When can we stop treatment?

Answer 44

2 weeks after resolution 2 weeks after normal fibrinogen Usually takes 6-8wks

Question 45

Rhodococcus complications:

Answer 45

Enterocolitis Hyperthermia Ulcers - GI