Nasal passage and sinus disorders

Question 1

What can be endoscoped to diagnose issues occuting in the nasal passge/sinus?

Answer 1

nasopharynx

huttrual pouch

sinuses

Question 2

What are the most common symptoms in when there is disorders of nasal passage?

Answer 2

stridor - often inspiratory

nasal discharge - epistaxis or seroanguinosus

Question 3

What symptoms may be present in the case of nasal passage diorders?

Answer 3

bad smell

deformation

head shaking

Question 4

What does PEH stand for?

Answer 4

progressive ethmoidal haematoma

Question 5

What are the differential dignosis of PEH

Answer 5

neoplasia

mycosis/ulerative rhinitis

foreign body

sinus cyst

Question 6

how can PEH be treated

Answer 6

transendoscopic

sinustomy-approach

Question 7

How is PEH treated transendoscopically?

Answer 7

by injecting formalin or using laser

Question 8

What is the sinustomy-approach?

Answer 8

it is surgical, using laser or cryopathy to remove it, be careful of blood loss and they are often recurrent

Question 9

Which sinus is the biggest?

Answer 9

sinus frontalis

Question 10

Describe the maxillary sinus

Answer 10

it has a caudal and a cranial part, with a small septa, dividing it

Question 11

Where can bulla tympanica be located, and in which sinus treatement does it m\play a role?

Answer 11

it is between the ventral concha and frontal sinus

it must be destroyed to get into the central conchal sinus

Question 12

What can be a severe consequence when the sphenopalatine is infected - relateed to its position

Answer 12

it lies directly under the brain, so if there is a bacteriological infction, this can spread and cause nevrological symptoms

Question 13

What are the primary causes for sinuitis - are they common?

Answer 13

upper airway infection, streptococcus

more rare than secondary

Question 14

secondary causes to sinusitis

Answer 14

often a tooth problem

Question 15

What are the most common symptoms of sinusitis?

Answer 15

nasal discharge - serous, mucupurulent

swellings, deformations

decreased airflow

Question 16

What are some rare symptoms of sinusitis?

Answer 16

cutan fistula

ocular discharge

bad smell

Question 17

Where should the endoscope be introduced to check for sinusitis

Answer 17

apertura nasomaxillaris

Question 18

How is primary sinusitis treated?

Answer 18

treating the cause: treat with AB (trimethorpim-sulfonamide or similar) if bacterial infection

fed the horse from the ground

keep them in a dust free environment

Question 19

If a patient with sinuisits is not responding to AB treatment, what should be done next?

Answer 19

trepanation and lavage

Question 20

what is meant by pyogen mebrane curette?

Answer 20

removing tissues and in theis case the pyogen membrane caused by bacteria b scraping it or scooping it out

Question 21

Which sinuses are treated with trepanation?

Answer 21

frontal sinus

cau and rostral maxillary sinus

Question 22

which sinuses can be treated with sinusotomy?

Answer 22

Frontonasal

Maxillary

(frontal)

Question 23

What landmarks are used for trepanation and sinusotomy?

Answer 23

medial canthus

incisura nasalis

infraorbital foramen

facial crest

caudo-dorsal orbit

supraorbital foramen

incisura nasoinicisa

Question 24

In whate age can sinus cyst appear?

Answer 24

it happens rarely, yearlings and in adults

Question 25

symptoms of sinus cyst

Answer 25

swelling

decreased airflow

nasal discharge

stridor

Question 26

fluid characeristics of a sinus cyst after trepanation

Answer 26

yelllow viscous fluid

Question 27

How is sinus cyst treated?

Answer 27

sinus flap or extirdation (removal)

Question 28

The most common neoplasia affecting the sinuses?

Answer 28

PEC: platelet Epithel carcinoma