NASM CPT - Unit 2

Question 1

Define Biomechanics

Answer 1

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Question 2

What is the anatomic position?

Answer 2

It’s a reference point to describe anatomic locations. In this position the body stands straight with the arms at the side and palms facing forward.

Question 3

What does “superior” mean?

Answer 3

A location above a given reference point.

Question 4

What does “inferior” mean?

Answer 4

A location below a given reference point.

Question 5

What does “proximal” mean?

Answer 5

A location nearest to the center of the body or reference point.

Question 6

What does “distal” mean?

Answer 6

A location farthest to the center of the body or reference point.

Question 7

What does “anterior” (or ventral) mean?

Answer 7

On the front of the body

Question 8

What does “posterior” (or dorsal) mean?

Answer 8

On the back of the body

Question 9

What does “lateral” mean?

Answer 9

Positioned towards the outside of the body.

Question 10

What does “medial” mean?

Answer 10

Positioned near the middle of the body.

Question 11

What does “contralateral” mean?

Answer 11

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

Question 12

What does “ipsilateral” mean?

Answer 12

Positioned on the same side of the body.

Question 13

What is the Sagittal plane?

Answer 13

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves.

Question 14

What is Flexion?

Answer 14

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 15

What is an Extension?

Answer 15

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

Question 16

What is Hyperextension?

Answer 16

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

Question 17

What is the Frontal plane?

Answer 17

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves.

Question 18

What is Abduction?

Answer 18

A movement in the frontal plane away form the midline of the body.

Question 19

What is Adduction?

Answer 19

A movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body.

Question 20

What is the Transverse plane?

Answer 20

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves.

Question 21

What is Internal rotation?

Answer 21

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

Question 22

What is External rotation?

Answer 22

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body

Question 23

What is Horizontal abduction?

Answer 23

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position

Question 24

What is Horizontal adduction?

Answer 24

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position

Question 25

What is Scapular retraction?

Answer 25

Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline

Question 26

What is Scapular protraction?

Answer 26

Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline

Question 27

What is Scapular depression?

Answer 27

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula

Question 28

What is Scapular elevation?

Answer 28

Upward (superior) motion of the scapula

Question 29

What is eccentric muscle action?

Answer 29

An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.

Question 30

What is concentric muscle action?

Answer 30

When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle.

Question 31

What is an Isotonic muscle contraction?

Answer 31

Force is produced, muscle tension is developed, and movement occurs through a given range of motion.

Question 32

What is an Isometric muscle action?

Answer 32

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length. or No visible movement with or against resistance. Dynamically stabilizes force

Question 33

What is an Isokinetic muscle action?

Answer 33

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion. or The speed of movement is fixed, and resistance varies with the force exerted. Requires sophisticated training equipment often seen in rehabilitation or exercise physiology laboratories.

Question 34

Define Force.

Answer 34

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

Question 35

What is Length-tension relationship?

Answer 35

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

Question 36

What is Force-Velocity?

Answer 36

As the velocity of a concentric muscle action increases, its ability to produce force decreases. Conversely, with eccentric muscle action, as the velocity of muscle action increases, the ability to develop force increases.

Question 37

What is a Force-couple relationship?

Answer 37

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint.