Nationalism - Appadurai Flashcards
(19 cards)
When does Appadurai write Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy?
1990
What is Appadurai’s critique of Anderson?
‘One man’s imagined community is another man’s political prison’
Example of cultural homogenisation
Nation states can exploit fears of homogenisation in relation to minorities with external threats
i.e. Russification of Soviet Armenia due to fear of capitalism
What does Appadurai contribute to Anderson?
Extends idea of imagined community to landscapes showing imagined worlds
imagined world = multiple worlds constituted by historically situated attitudes of people/groups in them
Impacts international capital
What is the ethnoscape?
Moving people
Tourists, migrants, refugees
Move into urban areas due to shifting international capital and immigration policies
What is the technoscape?
Technology, information, mechanical
Countries are bases for international enterprise that other countries have stakes in
Distribution of technology driven by money, politics, labour needs
Example of technoscape
India exports waiters to Dubai but software engineers to the US who are encouraged to reinvest in Indian federal/state projects
What is the finanscape
Shifting national stock exchanges, currency markets, commodity speculation
What is the mediascape
Distribution of electronic capability to produce/spread information
Available to public/private global interest
What is the impact of the mediascape
Impacts how ethnoscapes see one another narrative and image
Blurred lines between fiction and news
Ethnoscapes as fantastical imagined worlds with ‘other’ lives
Fantasies for acquisition or movemenet
What are ideoscapes?
Connetion of political images
State ideology vs counter ideology that want state power
Progress - freedom, rights
Nation-states loosely organise around ideoscapes and own keywords
Shaped by national and transnational landscapes that effect political framing
What is the relationship between the scapes?
Disjunctive
Not a simple mechanical global infrastructure
Example of connection between scapes
State may want to stop moving ethnoscapes in motion
Mediascapes create problems for the ideoscapes they present
What is deterritorialisation?
Labouring populations come into wealthy societies and are exploited
i.e. Indians are exploited by interests inside and outside India - create networks of religious identifiers - issue of cultural reproductions abroad died to Hindu fundamentalism at home
Example of deterritorialisation
South Asian immigrants in Saudi Arabia often wish to repopulate and live there, creating issues as the ethnoscape there is only open to immigration for guest labour markets
What do deterritorialised populations see mediascapes as?
Imagined homeland that creates conflict
Israeli-Palestinian relations in the West Bank leading to constant raiding and issues between residents
Displacement
What does Chatterjee, 1986, argue about ideoscapes and mediascapes?
Nations attempt to capture states
States attempt to capture and monopolise ideas about nationhood
Want monopoly over moral resource about community
Want perfect succinctness between state and nation by representing all groups
Sikhs, Basques, Kurds - imagined communities wanting separatist goals using terror
May use mediascape to pacify ideas of seperatism
Example of scapes in conflict
technoscapes v. ideoscapes in small countries, ideoscapes v. finanscapes in Mexico where global lending influences politics greatly)
Impact of differences becoming global
Groups attempt to turn locality into a global staging ground for identity
Spread over irregular spaces as they move linked to one another by sophisticated media
