Nationalism In India Flashcards
New emerging problems due to war
There was a drastic change in the economic and political situation of the country The custom duties were applied and raised in 1913 and 1918 the forced recruitment started taking place in rural areas crops failed in many parts of India and there was food shortage and about 13 million people perished as a result of famines and epidermics
Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi came back to India from South Africa in January 1915 his novel method of mass agitation was known as satyagraha.
1917 Gandhi travelled to Champaran to organise a satyagraha in Bihar against the oppressive indigo plantation system.
In 1918 he travelled to Kheda Gujarat to organise another satyagraha for the presents to support them against the revenue.
In 1918 again Gandhi travelled to Ahmedabad to organise another satyagraha in the favour of cotton mill workers
The Jallianwala bagh
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in 1919 on 13th April after the British government passed the Rowlatt act in 1919 according to the Rowlatt act it gave the government enormous power to repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years and Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent disobedience movement against this and on 13th April on the day of Baisakhi at Jallianwala Bagh the martial law was applied and General Dyer was the head at that time and he open fired at the civilians in which thousands of men women and children were killed.
Khilafat movement
The Khilafat committee was formed in Bombay and Mahatma Gandhi supported it,it was formed by Ali brothers Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali. It was formed to defend the Khalifa‘s temporal powers when Ottoman emperor the spiritual head of the Islamic world the Khalifa was defeated and a harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on him. 
Hind Swaraj
Hind Swaraj book was written by Mahatma Gandhi in 1909 and the book declares that the British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians and It survived only because of the cooperation of Indians by using British or foreign goods.
The non cooperation movement
The non-cooperation movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 in order to protest against the cruelty committed in Jallianwala Bagh it was purely a non-violent movement its aim was to obtain self governance and ultimately getting the British colonial authorities to grant full independence to India but later in 1922 the moment was taking a violent turn so Mahatma Gandhi called of the moment. in den 1922
It was taking violent turns in rural areas in the plantations of Assam in Andhra Pradesh Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had very special powers he could make correct astrological predictions and other things happened and that is why the moment was called off.
Congress sessions
First congress session took place in Amritsar by Motilal Nehru to discuss about Jallianwala.
Second congress session took place in 1920 Calcutta it was a special session led by Lala Lajpat Rai to discuss about the non-cooperation resolution.
Third 1920 Nagpur in December, the non cooperation movement was adopted.
Fourth congress session took place in Madras 1927 president over by Dr Ansari to boycott the Simon commission at every stage and in every form the Muslim league and the Hindu Maha Sabha decided to support the congress decision.
Simon commission
The Simon commission came in India in 1928 the main objective of Simon commission was to enquire into the government of India act of 1919 it was a group of seven British members of Parliament under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon the commission was opposed because there was no Indian representative. 
Swaraj Party
Formed by Motilal Nehru and CR Das but young leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subas Chandrabose pressed for more radical mass agitation for full independence.
Civil disobedience movement
On 31 January 1930 Gandhiji send a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating 11 demands and Lord Irwin ignored Gandhi’s 11 demands including the abolition of salt tax so he started a civil disobedience moment with famous Dandi March. The march started on 11 march was accompanied by 78 trusted volunteers of Gandhi to march for over 240 miles from Gandhiji’s Ashram to Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi the volunteers walked for 24 days about 10 miles a day and on 6th of April they reached Dandi. 1930
The movement was relaunched in 1932 after Gandhiji returned to India after attending the second round table conference as he was dissatisfied with the conference. Ghaffar khan and Nehru both were in prison but in 1934 the movement lost its momentum
The Poona pact
For separate electorates and reservation of seats for the depressed classes or when dalits Refused to participate in the movement Dr BR Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi signed the Poona pact with the congress in 1932 in the Yerwada Central Jail on September 24.
