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Nationalism In India Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the impact of the first world war ?

A

-Britishers wanted money to fight war so they increased tax without any contest from Indian leaders
-Indians were also forced to supply food which caused food shortage
-Britishers forcefully recruited Indians to armies.
This agitated the citizens of India.

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2
Q

What is meant by the term ‘nationalism’?

A

A sense of unity and collective identity among a group of people sharing common history and aspirations for self-rule.

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3
Q

Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa on …………..

A

9 Jan 1915

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4
Q

What is Satyagraha?

A

A non-violent method of protest introduced by Gandhiji based on truth and moral force.Its two main rules were mass agitation and non violence.

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5
Q

Where did Gandhi first use Satyagraha in India?

A

Champaran (1917), to support indigo farmers against oppressive plantation owners.

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6
Q

What happened in Kheda in 1918?

A

Gandhiji organized a Satyagraha to support peasants unable to pay taxes due to crop failure.

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7
Q

What was the Ahmedabad Satyagraha about?

A

Gandhi supported cotton mill workers demanding better wages and working conditions.

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8
Q

How did Gandhiji understand peoples problems?

A

Gandhiji conducted a survey of problems to pursue everyone.

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9
Q

What was the Rowlatt Act?

A

A 1919 law that authorized the government to detain individuals without trial for 2 years .

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10
Q

What was the motive of ROWLATT ACT ?

A

Gandhiji were about to launch a full nationwide satyagraha but to suppress political activities and revolution Britishers launched the rowlatt act

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

What were the prisoners according to the Rowlatt act called ?

A

Political prisoners

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13
Q

What was Gandhi’s reaction to Rowlatt act?

A

On 6th April Gandhiji launched strikes and rallies all shops and railways were closed the country was on a standstill.

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14
Q

How did Indians start becoming united in their struggle?

A

Through common suffering under British laws and growing awareness among people.

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15
Q

What is the essence of Satyagraha according to Gandhi?

A

Winning over the opponent through truth, not violence.

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16
Q

Why was the Rowlatt Act widely opposed?

A

It curtailed civil liberties and was seen as unjust and repressive.

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17
Q

What were Gandhi’s ideas of Swaraj?

A

Swaraj meant self-rule, achieved through non-violent means and self-discipline

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18
Q

What is martial law ?

A

When martial law is imposed in an area the power is given in the hands of the military.

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19
Q

What was the Jallianwala bagh Massacre?

A

On 10th April 1919, two nationalist leaders, Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew, were arrested.
To protest against their arrest, a public meeting was held in Amritsar.
The police fired upon the protestors, which provoked widespread attacks on banks, post offices, and railway stations.
To control the situation, martial law was imposed, and General Dyer took command.

On 13th April 1919, the infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place.
A large crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh garden in Amritsar to protest peacefully and to attend a Baisakhi fair.
Being from outside the city, many were unaware of the martial law that had been imposed.
Dyer entered the garden, blocked the only exit, and opened fire without warning.
Hundreds of innocent people were killed, and many were injured.
Dyer later declared that his aim was to ‘produce a moral effect’ — to create fear and awe in the minds of Indians.

Till date, the walls of Jallianwala Bagh bear the marks of bullets as a grim reminder of British cruelty.

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20
Q

What happened on 13 April 1919?

A

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre – General Dyer fired on an unarmed crowd in Amritsar.

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21
Q

What was the result of Jallianwala Bagh massacre?

A

Nationwide anger, strikes, boycotts, and decline in British trust.

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22
Q

What was Gandhi’s reaction on Jallianwala bagh Massacre

A

Launched non-violent protests; later intensified into the Non-Cooperation Movement.

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23
Q

Who was the khalifa ?

A

Khalifa was a spiritual leader of many Indian Muslims also the ruler of turkey

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24
Q

What was the Khilafat commitee?

A

Britishers were going to impose a harsh treaty on the Ottoman Empire the Indian Muslims who thought of khalifa as their spiritual leader formed the khilafat committee against Britishers.

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25
What was the Khilafat issue?
Concern over the disintegration of the Ottoman Caliphate after WWI.
26
Who led the Khilafat Movement in India?
Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali (Ali brothers).
27
How did Gandhi link the Khilafat issue with nationalism?
To unite Hindus and Muslims and strengthen the anti-British struggle.
28
What was the Non-Cooperation Movement?
A mass movement to boycott British goods, schools, courts, and promote swadeshi.
29
When and where was the khilafat committee formed?
It was formed in Bombay in March 1919
30
Who wrote the book Swaraj ?
Swaraj was a book written by gandhiji in 1909 he mentioned in his book that Britishers are able to rule indians due to citizens cooperation
31
What were the features of NCM in towns ?
Children didn't go to school , lawyer , headmaster and teachers stopped going to job People surrendered titles Everyone burnt british clothes and all that resembled English culture People theft liquor The elections were boycotted except in Madras Indian textile mills - Khadi and handloom began to grow
32
Why did NCM in towns fail ?
Khadi was very costly while british clothes were cheaper People needed jobs to earn money so they went back to their jobs.
33
Who was Baba Ramchandra?
Leader of peasant movement in Awadh
34
What were the Awadh peasants protesting?
High rents, forced labor (begar), and oppressive landlords (talukdars).
35
When did jawaharlal nehru conduct a survey of workers condition?
June 1920
36
Why did Oudh kisan sabha not work ?
It was formed in October by jawaharlal nehru and it didn't work as some of the congress leaders assisted the landlords.
37
What were the results of NCM in the countryside?
house of talukdars and merchants were attacked. Bezers were theft In many plane rumours spread that gandhiji told to not pay tax and distribute land among the poor
38
When did non-corporation khilafat movement begin ?
January 1921
39
What did tribals in Andhra Pradesh oppose?
British forest laws and restrictions on their livelihoods.
40
Who led the tribal movement in Andhra?
Alluri Sitaram Raju.
41
What did plantation workers in Assam believe during the movement?
That Gandhi Raj would free them and allow them to return home.
42
State Aluri Sitaram raju's perspectives on Gandhijis ideology
He was against drinking and supported Gandhiji but was against non violence .
43
What was the militant guerrilla movement ?;
In early 1920 Gudem hills Andhra Pradesh militant guerrilla movement became popular to free old monarchs and kill Britishers.
44
What was the inland emigration act of 1859
According to this act peasants could not leave the field without Britishers permission.
45
What did plantation workers in Assam believe during the movement?
That Gandhi Raj would free them and allow them to return home.One night all peasants ran away Britishers followed them running they reached the railways but unfortunately railway employees were on strike due to which the trains had stopped and peasants were caught beaten up and sent to the field.
46
Why did Gandhi call off the NCM in February 1922?
Chauri Chaura incident where protesters killed 22 policemen.
47
Which congress leaders believed that they should participate in the govt ?
C.R das and motilal nehru
48
Who believed that strikes should go on ?
Jawaharlal Nehru and Subash Chandra Bose
49
What happened in the great economic depression 1930?
People were confused as they had to select between money and freedom they wanted both but couldn't get .
50
What was the Simon Commission (1928)?
Irwin Viceroy of India called 5 members headed by Simon in 1928 called Simon Comission to India to make a constitution
51
Why was the Simon commission opposed ?
No Indian in the commission
52
What slogan was raised against Simon Commission?
“Simon Go Back”
53
What did Irwin offer Indians after the Simon commission was opposed ?
Viceroy offered to give dominance status but it was also rejected.
54
What happened in the Lahore Session of 1929?
Congress demanded Purna Swaraj (complete independence).
55
What date was celebrated as Independence Day for the first time?
26 January 1930
56
What was the Civil Disobedience Movement?
A movement to break colonial laws, refuse taxes, and challenge British monopoly
57
What triggered civil disobedience?
Salt tax and denial of Gandhi’s 11 demands by the British.
58
What was the Dandi March?
Gandhi marched 240 miles from Sabarmati to Dandi (March 12, 1930) to break salt law
59
What activities were included in CDM?
Salt law breach, non-payment of taxes, boycott of British goods, picketing liquor shops.
60
What was the British reaction to CDM?
Everyone was sent to jail Abdul Gaffar Khan (devoted towards Gandhiji )was arrested Sholapur became violent as Gandhiji was arrested
61
When was CDM called off ?
5th March 1931 due to violence at Sholpaur
62
What was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
British agreed to release prisoners, Gandhi agreed to attend 2nd Round Table Conference
63
Why did Gandhi restart CDM after the conference?
His demands weren't fulfilled congress was declared illegal and one lakh people arrested
64
Why rich peasants participate in CDM ?
Struggle against high revenue basically due to the downfall of prices during depression.
65
Why did rich peasants not take part in CDM-2?
The tax didn't get revised even after protests.
66
Why did poor peasants take part in CDM?
During depression they struggled to pay rent.
67
Why did congress not support peasants?
Congress couldn't support them as rich peasants financed congress and their income came by getting rent from poor farmers.
68
Why did business class take part in CDM?
They had to pay too much tax and had too many restrictions and they gave financial support.
69
What was FICCI?
A community was formed called Indian industrial and commercial congress in 1920 and later it was called federation of Indian chamber of commerce and industrialisation in 1921 (FICCI) for CDM by business class.
70
Who led FICCI?
Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G.D Birla.
71
How did the business class support CDM ?
Financial assistance and they refused to buy or sell imported goods which increased the use of Made in India goods and growth of industry
72
Why did business class not take part in CDM-2?
Due to the failure of round table conference
73
Why did industrial workers take part in CDM and why ?
They had poor working conditions and less wages Strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dockworkers in 1932 In 1930 thousands of workers in Chotanagpur Tin mines wore Gandhi caps and participated in protest rallies and campaign
74
Why did industrial workers not get support from Congress ?
They didn't get congress support as if their wages increased FICCI owner of industries would face loss and FICCI financially supported congress
75
Who and why did congress don't support ?
Poor peasants - for upsetting rich peasants Industrial workers - upsetting owners FICCI Lower caste - upsetting higher caste
76
Why did Dalits not participate fully?
Some felt alienated due to lack of reforms for their rights; Ambedkar demanded separate electorates.
77
What was the role of women in civil disobedience?
Joined picketing, rallies, salt march; promoted khadi and nationalism.Great presence but primitive roles they didn't get leadership rights
78
What was the poona pact ?
Dr br ambedkar knew that congress won't support dalits so he wanted to make separate electoral but as it would create more difference lack of unity gandhiji refused fasted unto death due to which a pact was signed for reserved seats called Poona Pact of 1932.
79
Who wrote the national anthem ?
Rabindranath Tagore
80
Who wrote the poem let my country awake ?
Rabindranath Tagore
81
Who wrote the national song
Bankim Chandra chattopadhyay
82
Who collected folklore of south india?
Natessa Sashti
83
Who made the painting of Bharat Mata and what did it symbolise ?
Abindranath Tagore made the painting dispensing learning clothing and food
84
Who wrote the book Swaraj?
M.K Gandhi
85
Who wrote the book Young india
M.K gandhi

Class 10th (7 decks)

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