native elements Flashcards

(47 cards)

1
Q

gold crystal form

A
  • isometric, octahedral crystals
  • arborescent
  • irregular, filliform, reticulated, dendritic
  • irregular plates scales or masses
  • rounded or flattened grains “nuggets”
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2
Q

gold cleavage

A

none. hackly fracture

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3
Q

gold hardness

A

2.5 to 3. malleable sectile

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4
Q

gold specific gravity

A

19.3 pure
15 impure with other metals

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5
Q

gold color

A

shades of yellow, paler with silver, metallic opaque

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6
Q

gold occurrence

A
  1. hydrothermal quartz veins (vv fine grained)
  2. placer deposits, conglomerates, detrital grains “nuggets”
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7
Q

gold remarks

A
  • color, malleability and sectility
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8
Q

gold vs pyrite

gold vs chalcopyrite

A

pyrite is harder

chalcopyrite is brittle

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9
Q

silver crystal form

A
  • isometric, malformed
  • branching aborescent, reticulated groups
  • in coarse or fine wire
  • irregular masses, plates and scales
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10
Q

silver cleavage

A

none. hackly fracture

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11
Q

silver hardness

A

2.5 to 3. malleable and ductile

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12
Q

silver specific gravity

A

10.5 pure
10-12 impure

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13
Q

silver color

A

metallic opaque. silver white, tarnished brown to gray black

streak silver white

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14
Q

silver occurrence

A

large deposits from hydrothermal solution precipitates

in smaller amounts oxidized portions of ore deposits

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15
Q

silver remarks

A
  • color, malleability and specific gravity
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16
Q

copper crystal form

A
  • isometric, tetrahexahedral, cube, dodecahedral, octahedral, malformed branching and aborescent
  • irregular masses plates and scales
  • twisted and wirelike
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17
Q

copper cleavage

A

none. hackly fracture

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18
Q

copper hardness

A

2.5 to 3. ductile and malleable

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19
Q

copper specific gravity

20
Q

copper color

A

dull luster, copper red, tarnish to dark

21
Q

copper occurrence

A
  • primary deposits associated with basaltic lavas, the copper is deposited through reaction of hydrothermal fluids with iron oxide minerals
  • smaller amounts in oxidized zones of copper deposits associated with malachite azurite and cuprite
22
Q

copper remarks

A
  • copper red, malleability, high specific gravity hackly
23
Q

sulfur crystal form

A
  • orthorhombic, pyramidal, 2 dipyramids
  • prism 011 and base
  • masses perfectly crystallized
  • massive reniform stalactitic incrustations
24
Q

sulfur cleavage

A

none. conchoidal fracture to uneven. brittle

25
sulfur hardness
1.5 to 2.5
26
sulfur specific gravity
2.05 to 2.09
27
sulfur color
resinous. transparent to translucent. sulfur yellow. impure shades of green gray red
28
sulfur occurrence
- crater rims of extinct volcanoes as gas deposits - veins with metallic sulfides from oxidation of sulfides - in tertiary sedimentary rocks assoc. with anhydrite gypsum and limestone - assoc with celestite, gypsum calcite and aragonite
29
sulfur remarks
- poor heat conductor - cracks bc hear from hand expands the outside layers - yellow color
30
diamond crystal form
- isometric, octahedral, cubes and dodecahedrons - octahedral often has curved faces - twins on 111
31
variety of diamond that has a rounded form and rough exterior resulting from radial or cryptocrystalline aggregate
bort
32
applies to badly colored or flawed diamonds without gem value
bort
33
diamond cleavage
octahedral 111 perfect
34
diamond hardness
10
35
diamond specific gravity
3.51
36
diamond color
adamantine. uncut greasy. colorless pale yellow. shades of red orange green blue brown. deeper shades are rare noncleavable, opaque, less brittle than crystals???
37
a black or grayish black bort
carbonado / carbon
38
diamond occurrence
- primary: in kimberlites as intrusive bodies, commonly circular with pipelike shape aka diamond pipes - also in alluvial deposits (placers), bc of their inert nature, great hardness and high specific gravity
39
diamond remarks
- great hardness, adamantine, cleavage
40
graphite crystal form
- tabular crystals with hexagonal outline - prominent basal face - foliated or scaly masses - radiated or granular
41
graphite cleavage
basal perfect 0001. flexible folia, not elastic
42
graphite hardness
1-2
43
graphite specific gravity
2.23
44
graphite color
metallic sometimes greasy. black black streak
45
graphite occurrence
- in metamorphic rocks: crystalline limestone, schists and gneiss - hydrothermal veins associated with quartz, orthoclase, tourmaline, apatite, pyrite and titanite - also original constituent in some igneous rocks
46
graphite remarks
- black, foliated, extreme softness, greasy
47
molybdenite vs graphite
moly has blue tone graphite is black