Natural Gas Flashcards
(32 cards)
A naturally occurring fossil fuel composed primarily of methane (CH₄) and small amounts of other hydrocarbons.
natural gas
A simple hydrocarbon with one carbon and four hydrogen atoms; the main component of natural gas.
methane (CH₄)
A natural energy source derived from the remains of ancient organisms, including coal, oil, and natural gas.
fossil fuel
Which ancient civilizations first used natural gas?
The Chinese and Persians used natural gas seeps for heating and lighting.
Who drilled the first successful natural gas well and when?
William Hart in 1821 in Fredonia, New York.
What invention did Robert Bunsen create in 1885?
The Bunsen burner, enabling controlled use of natural gas for heating and scientific experiments.
What was the first major natural gas discovery in the Philippines
The Camago-1 Well (1989) in offshore Northwest Palawan by Occidental Philippines (Oxy).
When and by whom was the Malampaya Gas Field discovered?
In 1991 by Shell Philippine Exploration B.V. and Oxy; it is the largest gas field in the country.
Which country has the largest proved natural gas reserves?
Russia, with 37.4 trillion cubic meters as of 2020.
Name other major natural gas-producing countries.
Iran, Qatar, the United States, and Turkmenistan.
How much natural gas reserves does the Philippines have?
3.48 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), ranking 50th globally.
How much natural gas does the Philippines produce annually (2022)?
113,611 million cubic feet (MMcf).
How much natural gas did the Philippines consume in 2017?
96,364 MMcf.
How is natural gas used in energy production?
It is a cleaner alternative to coal and serves as a backup energy source for renewables
What are the residential and commercial uses of natural gas?
It is used for cooking, heating, and powering gas appliances such as stoves, water heaters, and dryers.
How is natural gas used in industry?
It is a key raw material in the petrochemical industry and manufacturing processes such as glass, steel, and cement production.
How is natural gas used in transportation?
It is used as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for buses and taxis and as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for shipping and heavy-duty vehicles.
What are the environmental benefits of natural gas?
It produces lower CO₂ emissions and helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution.
How is natural gas formed?
It is formed from organic matter (plants and animals) buried millions of years ago.
What are the stages of natural gas formation?
- Diagenesis - Organic material breaks down into kerogen at low temperatures.
- Catagenesis - Heat and pressure convert kerogen into hydrocarbons (oil and gas).
- Metagenesis - At temperatures above 200°C, remaining organic material transforms into methane.
What are the types of natural gas?
- Conventional Natural Gas - Extracted from easily accessible reservoirs.
- Unconventional Natural Gas - Found in hard-to-reach formations (shale gas, tight gas, coalbed methane).
- Associated Natural Gas - Found in oil reservoirs, either dissolved in the oil or as a separate gas cap.
- Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) - Cooled to -162°C for transport.
- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) - Stored under high pressure for vehicle use.
What is the first step in natural gas extraction?
The exploration phase, where scientists locate underground gas reservoirs using seismic surveys and geological studies.
What are the drilling methods for extracting natural gas?
- Vertical Drilling - A straight wellbore is drilled downward.
- Horizontal Drilling - The well is drilled horizontally within gas-bearing rock layers.
- Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking) - High-pressure injection of water, sand, and chemicals creates fractures in rock to release gas.
How is natural gas used for heat generation?
It is used in households for cooking, heating, and water heating.
