OIL ENERGY

Question 1

(from Latin petra meaning “rock” and oleum meaning “oil”) is a naturally occurring liquid found beneath the Earth’s surface, primarily refined into fuels.

Answer 1

Petroleum

Question 2

is a fossil fuel derived from ancient organic materials (zooplankton, algae) that settled in water bodies. Under anoxic conditions (low oxygen), these materials were buried and subjected to heat and pressure, leading to petroleum formation.

Answer 2

Petroleum

Question 3

A complex fossilized organic material in sedimentary rock, which is insoluble in organic solvents but is the precursor to petroleum.

Answer 3

Kerogen

Question 4

The process of cracking kerogen into hydrocarbons due to heat and pressure over geological time.

Answer 4

Catagenesis

Question 5

Another fossil fuel that formed over 300 million years ago.

Answer 5

Oil

Question 6

An organic-rich rock, such as shale, which generates hydrocarbons under pressure and temperature.

Answer 6

Source Rock

Question 6

Microscopic sea creatures that convert sunlight into stored energy. Their remains, buried under sediments, eventually transformed into oil through heat and pressure.

Answer 6

Diatoms

Question 7

Hydrocarbons move from the source rock to a reservoir due to buoyancy and pressure changes.

Answer 7

Migration

Question 8

A geological structure that contains hydrocarbons (e.g., an anticline or fault block).

Answer 8

Trap

Question 9

An impermeable rock that prevents hydrocarbons from escaping.

Answer 9

Seal (Cap Rock)

Question 10

A porous and permeable rock (e.g., sandstone or limestone) where hydrocarbons accumulate.

Answer 10

Reservoir

Question 11

For oil reservoirs to form, the following must exist:

Answer 11

1. A source rock containing hydrocarbons.
2. A porous reservoir rock to store the oil.
3. A cap rock to prevent oil from escaping.

Question 12

Derived from marine microorganisms, used mainly for transportation and petrochemicals.

Answer 12

Oil

Question 13

Derived from decomposed plant matter, primarily used for electricity generation and industrial processes.

Answer 13

Coal

Question 14

Petroleum Exploration began in ____ with the Toledo-1 well in Cebu.

Answer 14

1896

Question 15

This law governed petroleum exploration.

Answer 15

Petroleum Act of 1949 (RA 387)

Question 17

This law introduced the Service Contract System, which led to offshore discoveries.

Answer 17

Oil Exploration and Development Act of 1972 (PD 87)

Question 18

What is the Major Discovery of Petroleum in the Philippines in 1970s

Answer 18

Nido Oilfield (Northwest Palawan)

Question 19

What is the Major Discovery of Petroleum in the Philippines in 1990s

Answer 19

Malampaya Gas Field (largest in the country, supplies 40% of Luzon’s power)

Question 20

Major Discoveries of Petroleum in the Philippines in 1994

Answer 20

San Antonio Gas Field (Northern Luzon)

Question 21

It is a Petroleum Extraction Method where it uses natural reservoir pressure to push oil to the surface.

Answer 21

Natural Lift

Question 22

It is a Petroleum Extraction Method where it uses pumps or tools when natural pressure is insufficient.

Answer 22

Artificial Lift

Question 23

It is a Petroleum Extraction Method where it injects water to increase reservoir pressure and force oil upward.

Answer 23

Waterflooding

Question 24

It is a Petroleum Extraction Method where it injects steam, carbon dioxide, or chemicals to improve oil flow.

Answer 24

Tertiary Recovery (Enhanced Oil Recovery - EOR)

Question 25

It is a Petroleum Exploration and Reservoir Identification where it uses seismic waves to locate oil reservoirs.

Answer 25

Seismic Surveys

Question 26

It is a Petroleum Exploration and Reservoir Identification where it confirms the presence of oil before full-scale production.

Answer 26

Exploratory Drilling

Question 27

A Drilling & Well Construction where it uses natural pressure or pumps.

Answer 27

Primary Recovery

Question 28

A Drilling & Well Construction where it injects water or gas to push more oil out.

Answer 28

Secondary Recovery

Question 29

A Drilling & Well Construction where it uses steam, chemicals, or microbes to improve oil extraction.

Answer 29

Tertiary Recovery

Question 30

Removes gas and water.

Answer 30

Separation at Wellhead

Question 31

Transport Methods of Petroleum

Answer 31

Pipelines, tankers, or rail.

Question 32

Refining of Petroleum: Separates crude oil into fuels.

Answer 32

Distillation

Question 33

Refining of Petroleum: Breaks down heavy molecules into lighter fuels.

Answer 33

Cracking

Question 34

Refining of Petroleum: Removes sulfur and impurities.

Answer 34

Purification

Question 35

Power Generation Process Using Oil

Answer 35

Fuel Delivery & Storage: Transported and stored in tanks. Fuel Treatment & Preheating: Preheated to reduce viscosity, impurities removed. Combustion in Engine/Boiler: Converts chemical energy to thermal energy. Power Generation: Converts mechanical energy to electricity. Cooling & Exhaust Management: Handles excess heat and emissions. Electricity Transmission: Uses transformers and high-voltage lines to distribute power.

Question 36

Major oil-fired power plants supply electricity are located in?

Answer 36

Luzon

Question 37

Oil Power Plants in the Mindanao, Philippines

Answer 37

Zamboanga City Diesel Power Plant, Iligan Diesel Power Plant, and General Santos Diesel Power Plant.