NATURAL HAZARDS

Question 1

What is a natural hazard?

Answer 1

Extreme natural events that can cause loss to life , extreme damage to property and disrupt human activities

Question 2

What are climate condition?

Answer 2

The usual type of weather that occurs in an area

Question 3

What is tectonic activity?

Answer 3

Movements of the earth’s crust such as an earthquake or volcano

Question 4

What is a tectonic hazard?

Answer 4

A hazard created when the earth’s crust moves

Question 5

What is a climate hazard?

Answer 5

Hazards concerning the weather for example : heavy rainfall can lead to flooding

Question 6

Name some tectonic hazards

Answer 6

Landslides
Volcano eruptions
Earthquakes
Tsunami
Avalanches

Question 7

Name a few climate hazards

Answer 7

Flooding
Tornado
Tropical storms (Hurricane)
Drought

Question 8

What is a natural disaster

Answer 8

A natural hazard that has actually happened

Question 9

What is an extreme natural event?

Answer 9

Extreme events which do not pose a threat to human activity

Question 10

What are the 2 types of natural hazards?

Answer 10

Geological
Meteororological

Question 11

What is a geological hazard

Answer 11

Caused by land and tectonic processes

Question 12

What is a meteorological hazard?

Answer 12

Caused by weather and climate

Question 13

What are primary effects of natural disaster?

Answer 13

Immediate impacts

E.g:

Buildings and roads collapsing
People injured or killed
Crops damaged
Water supply affected
Electricity and pipe lines damaged

Question 14

What are secondary effects of natural disasters?

Answer 14

Later impacts, as a result of the primary effects

E.g:

Earthquakes can trigger tsunamis
Aid can’t get through to help people due to blocked roads
Shortage of clean water
Food shortages
Unemployment

Question 15

Name some immediate responses to natural disasters

Answer 15

Evacuate people
Treat and rescue injured
Recover dead bodies
Provide generators for temporary source of electricity
Provide food, drink and shelter
Charities may send aid workers, supplies or money donations

Question 16

Name some long term responses

Answer 16

Repairing buildings, roads, houses, bridges, railways
Rehouse people
Reconnect Brocken electricity lines, water and gas
Improve evacuation plans
Improve building regulations

Question 17

How many tectonic plates are there?

Answer 17

7

Question 18

What does the crust float on

Answer 18

Mantle

Question 19

Name two types of crust

Answer 19

Oceanic
Continental

Question 20

Describe the mantle

Answer 20

Thick hot layer with the consistency of Jam
about 5000°C Near the coal
About 1300°C just below the cost
Lava

Question 21

Describe the outer core

Answer 21

Liquid layer
Made of liquid iron

Question 22

Describe the inner core

Answer 22

Solid layer
Made from iron
Temperature of 5500°C

Question 23

How thick is oceanic crust

Answer 23

5 km thick

Question 24

How thick is continental crust

Answer 24

35 to 75 km thick

Question 25

Describe continental crust

Answer 25

older Lighter Permanent, cannot be destroyed

Question 26

Describe oceanic crust

Answer 26

Younger Heavier Constantly been destroyed and replaced

Question 27

How many houses were destroyed After the Nepal earthquake

Answer 27

500,000 homes destroyed

Question 28

When was the Nepal earthquake

Answer 28

25th of April 2015

Question 29

How long did the Nepal earthquake last

Answer 29

Two minutes

Question 30

How did the Nepal earthquake affect Everest

Answer 30

Huge avalanche, like an ice tsunami

Question 31

How did the Nepal earthquake affect long tang Valley

Answer 31

Landslides destroy everything, like a tsunami of rocks boulders and mud Buildings flattened, villages are varied

Question 32

Why did the Nepal earthquake happen

Answer 32

Nepal is on the edge of a plate boundary The plates got stuck The pressure built up to 7 times as much force as a nuclear bomb, When the plates slipped, it caused an earthquake 

Question 33

Why do tectonic plates move

Answer 33

Convection currents in the mantle

Question 34

How does convection currents in the mantle work

Answer 34

The rising limb = heated rock rises as it is less dense At the top = Semi molten rock spreads out and carries the above plate with it Falling Limb = Cools and sinks back down to be reheated The heat source =. The core is radioactive decay in it causes heat

Question 35

What do you get at destructive plate boundaries

Answer 35

Violent earthquakes Violent volcanoes

Question 36

What do you get at collision Plate boundaries

Answer 36

Violent earthquakes No volcanoes

Question 37

What do you get at constructive plate boundaries

Answer 37

Less violent earthquakes Gentle volcanos

Question 38

What do you get at Conservative plate boundaries

Answer 38

Violent earthquakes No volcanoes

Question 39

Describe a destructive plate Boundry

Answer 39

Oceanic crust meets continental crust, heavier oceanic crust sinks into mantle and is destroyed

Question 40

Describe a constructive plate boundary

Answer 40

Two oceanic plates move apart A gap in the mantle is created and lava escapes creating new crust

Question 41

Describe collision plate boundaries

Answer 41

Two continental plates meet Neither can sink and be destroyed, so they buckle upwards and form fold mountains

Question 42

Describe Conservative plate boundaries

Answer 42

Two plates slide past each other They get stuck and pressure is built When released this causes an earthquake

Question 43

What plate boundaries are volcanoes made

Answer 43

Destructive Constructive

Question 44

What plate boundaries are earthquakes Caused

Answer 44

All Destructive, collision and Conservative all have a violent earthquakes Constructive have less less violent earthquakes

Question 45

What magnitude was the Nepal earthquake

Answer 45

7.8

Question 46

What type of plate boundary is Nepal on

Answer 46

Destructive

Question 47

How many people didn’t have access to clean water or sanitation after the Nepal earthquake

Answer 47

2 million people

Question 48

How many people died in an avalanche from Mount Everest caused by an earthquake from the Nepal

Answer 48

18

Question 49

What disease out broke due to lack of clean water caused by the netball earthquake

Answer 49

Typhus, killing at least 13 people

Question 50

What is the epicentre. Of an earthquake

Answer 50

The point on the earths surface directly above the focus, this is where the maximum damage is caused

Question 51

What is the focus of an earthquake

Answer 51

The start of the earthquake

Question 52

What is damage decrease ( earthquake)

Answer 52

Damage decreases with distance from the epicentre

Question 53

What are earthquake seismic waves

Answer 53

Spread outwards, the strength decreases with the distance from the focus, waves caused by earthquakes Vibrations

Question 54

How do we measure earthquakes nowadays

Answer 54

Richter scale, a 12 point scale that describes the magnitude or power of an earthquake as measured by a seismometer If a seismometer records levels of five and over, it is classed as an earthquake

Question 55

What is a seismometer

Answer 55

An instrument that responds to ground noises and shaking, caused by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and explosions A suspended pen wobbles with the movement of the ground drawing a seismograph onto a piece of paper that’s revolving, if it’s an earthquake we will see mountain shaped lines

Question 56

What does a seismometer create

Answer 56

A seismograph

Question 57

What are the 3P’s That help people to live with earthquakes

Answer 57

Predict Protect Prepare

Question 58

How do we predict earthquakes

Answer 58

Observing animal behaviour Observing seismographs – they pick up minor tremors before the main event TiltMeter – checks for any movement in the rocks

Question 59

How do we protect against earthquakes in HICs

Answer 59

Steel frames which can sway Automatic window shutters which prevent falling glass Foundations sunk into bedrock, avoiding Clay Rubber shock absorbers to absorb earth tremors Birdcage interlocking steel frame around buildings

Question 60

How can we protect against earthquakes in LICs

Answer 60

Walls made of mud and straw pact between wooden slats Lightweight thatched roof Crossed brass wood or bamboo frame Concrete ring ties the walls to the foundations Simple steel rod foundations

Question 61

How can you Preoare for earthquakes?

Answer 61

Education, know what to look for Plan evacuation routes Emergency supplies Practised drills