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Physical Geography March Mock > Natural Hazards > Flashcards

Flashcards in Natural Hazards Deck (20)
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1
Q

Define hazard

A

Threat of substantial loss of human life/substantial impact on life/substantial damage to property that can be caused by an event

2
Q

What 2 sources can hazards be caused by?

A

Human and Natural

3
Q

Can natural events be the result of human action? Explain why

A

Yes:
arson = wildfire
Poor land use management = flood

4
Q

What can a natural hazard lead to if it occurs?

A

Natural disaster

5
Q

What are the 3 types of hazards? Define each one

A
  1. Geophysical - driven by Earth’s own internal energy sources e.g. volcanoes
  2. Atmospheric - Driven by atmospheric processes e.g. storm, drought
  3. Hydrological - Driven by water bodies, mainly oceans e.g. floods, storm surges
6
Q

When does a natural event become a natural hazard?

A

When there’s a chance it will affect people

7
Q

What has led to more construction in areas already at risk from natural hazards?

A

Increasing population and demand to build

8
Q

Why might people choose to remain in an area threatened by natural hazards?

A

The advantages outweigh the disadvantages e.g. fertile soil near volcano

9
Q

What 3 social characteristics can determine how people approach hazards?

A

Age, social status and religion

10
Q

How do humans respond to a natural hazard locally?

A

Save possessions and safeguard property

11
Q

How do humans respond globally to natural hazards?

A

Coordinate rescue and humanitarian aid

12
Q

What is the speed of response to a natural hazard dependent on?

A

Magnitude of the event

Original state of the infrastructure and how badly it’s damaged

13
Q

What system reduces response time? Explain how.

A

Automatic Disaster Analysis and Mapping systems (ADAMs) - database that combines info from USGS, WB and WFP to allow fast access to the scale of the disaster, what supplies are available locally and the local infrastructure

14
Q

What are the 6 methods in which humans respond to natural hazards?

A
  1. Fatalism
  2. Prediction
  3. Adaptation
  4. Mitigation
  5. Management
  6. Risk sharing
15
Q

Describe the human response of “fatalism” to a natural hazard.

A
  • People accept the risk but do little about it
  • Usually leads to large loss of life
  • Common in developing countries
16
Q

Describe the human response of “Prediction” to a natural hazard. Give an example in terms of a tropical storm

A

Occurence date of hazard is predicted to prepare for impact.
• Common in developed countries

Tropical storm:
• Tracked to predict likely area of landfall
• Gives authorities time to organise evacuation plans and prepare people

17
Q

Describe the human response of “Adaptation” to a natural hazard.

A
  • Response choice of places that often experience natural hazards
  • Change behaviour to better cope with future events
  • Common in developed countries
18
Q

Describe the human response of “Mitigation” to a natural hazard.

A

Any action taken to reduce long term risk to human life and property from natural hazards
• Areas are prepared so the impact is reduced when the hazard occurs
• e.g. Retro-engineering old buildings to reduce chance of collapse

19
Q

Describe the human response of “Management” to a natural hazard.

A
  • Identify possible risks to life and property, then allocate resources to tackle the hazard
  • Common in developed countries
20
Q

Describe the human response of “Risk Sharing” to a natural hazard.

A
  • Sharing knowledge and human response strategies enables country to better prepare for hazards
  • Hazard intensity reduction depends on how well countries adapt mitigation strategies
  • E.G. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) - sets out national and international responsibilities in preparing for disasters