Natural population change Flashcards
(12 cards)
What are the natural causes of population change?
Factors leading to rapid population increase include:
* Improvements in agriculture
* Advances in medicine and medical care
* Technology and transport
These factors contribute to higher yields, reduced death rates, and increased life expectancy.
What led to a decrease in the death rate?
Factors include:
* Improvements in medicine and healthcare
* Better nutrition and access to food
* Enhanced technology and transport
These advancements contribute to a wealthier population and increased life expectancy.
What factors contribute to high birth rates in LEDCs?
High birth rates are influenced by:
* Lack of access to family planning and contraception
* Increased survival of women during childbirth
* Cultural practices favoring larger families
* Economic reasons for having more children
* Religious beliefs
Families often have many children to support parents in old age.
How is natural change in population calculated?
Natural change is calculated by deducting the death rate from the birth rate.
What does a combination of a decreasing death rate and high birth rate lead to?
It leads to rapid natural increase and population explosion.
What is natural decrease in population?
Natural decrease occurs when the birth rate is lower than the death rate.
What does the Demographic Transition Model illustrate?
It illustrates the five generalized stages of population change that countries pass through as they develop.
What characterizes Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model?
Stage 1 features:
* Low total population
* High birth rates due to lack of contraception
* High death rates from poor healthcare and famine
* High infant mortality
People have more children to ensure some survive to adulthood.
What happens in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model?
In Stage 2:
* Total population starts to rise rapidly
* Birth rates remain high
* Death rates decrease due to improved diets and healthcare
Increased access to clean water also contributes to lower death rates.
What occurs in Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?
In Stage 3:
* Total population continues to increase but growth rate slows
* Birth rate begins to fall rapidly
* Death rates continue to decrease at a slower rate
Factors include increased birth control and higher costs of raising children.
What characterizes Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model?
Stage 4 features:
* High total population with slow increase
* Low and fluctuating birth rates
* Low and fluctuating death rates
Factors include accessible birth control and choices regarding family size.
What is the characteristic of Stage 5 in the Demographic Transition Model?
In Stage 5:
* Total population starts to slowly decline
* Birth rate is low and decreasing
* Death rate is low and fluctuating.
