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Philosophy > Nature And Attributes > Flashcards

Nature And Attributes Flashcards

1
Q

OMNIPOTENCE

OVERVIEW

A
  • All powerful

- Shown in dealings with individuals that couldn’t have otherwise occurred e.g. Miracles

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2
Q

OMNIPOTENCE

DESCARTES

A

-Logically impossible
2+2=5
-Rejects others as limits greatness of God
-No more than Zeus
-Supreme perfection and can’t have any limitations
-Capable of evil even though contradiction - we can’t understand because we are limited by human logic

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3
Q

OMNIPOTENCE

CRITICISMS OF DESCARTES
Self-contradictory

A
  • If he can be evil and failing he has to be capable of being self-contradictory
  • E.g. Breaking an unbreakable promise
  • We can’t rely on this type of God to learn about it for salvation
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4
Q

OMNIPOTENCE

ANSELM

A
  • ‘God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived’

- God is perfect and if he can only do that which is logically possible then we could conceive a greater being

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5
Q

OMNIPOTENCE

AQUINAS

A
  • Everything logically possible
  • If not can’t be done, even by God
  • ‘He can do anything that is logically possible’
  • Has no body so can’t swim or die
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6
Q

OMNIPOTENCE

SWINBURNE
‘Everything’ understood

A
  • Can do everything but ‘everything’ needs to be understood
  • A stone too heavy for God to lift cannot be a thing and God cannot make them
  • Not a challenge because God remains capable of doing and creating everything
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7
Q

OMNIPOTENCE

PETER VARDY
Limited

A
  • Omnipotence more limited than previously suggested
  • God isn’t in control of history (chess board)
  • Universe is perfectly suited for existence of rational humans
  • To remain this way his power must be limited but as he chose this he is omnipotent
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8
Q

OMNIPOTENCE

JOHN MACQUARRIE
Kenosis

A
  • Kenosis = God deliberately emptied some of his own divine attributes before coming to earth to make Jesus’ encounter with humanity possible
  • Had to have human limitations to be human
  • Hits limits are self imposed
  • Become popular after horrors of modern wars
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9
Q

OMNIPOTENCE

HARTSHORNE
Perfect quality?

A
  • Absolute omnipotence would not be perfect quality as nothing could resist
  • E.g. Clipping a hedge
  • If humans have free will then we can resist and therefore power not total but he can overcome all resistance not meet no resistance
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10
Q

OMNISCIENCE

OVERVIEW

A
  • God knows everything and cannot be mistaken
  • He knows things unavailable to human mind e.g. Other universes
  • Closely linked to wisdom - knows best choices and when to intervene
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11
Q

OMNISCIENCE

FRIEDRICH SCHLERMACHER
An analogy

A
  • Solution for whether God’s omniscience restricts our freedom
  • Analogy - Knowledge close friends have for each others future behaviour as close but don’t know for certain
  • Don’t know for certain it is reliable guess, make same choice regardless
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12
Q

OMNISCIENCE

CRITICISMS OF SCHLEIRMACHER

A
  • Gods infallible, could be wrong about what my husband will eat but God can’t ever be wrong
  • He knows future, not prediction
  • Certainty of omniscience limits free will
  • Linked to relationship with time (knows if we go to heaven or hell) is there point being good? But if he doesn’t know is his power limited?
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13
Q

OMNISCIENCE AND FREE WILL

QUESTION

A

Is it fair for God to blame people if they did not have real freedom and constrained by what God knew?

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14
Q

OMNISCIENCE AND FREE WILL

BOETHIUS
Prisoner

A
  • Wants to know if God would punish or reward like Bible says
  • Prisoner awaiting execution, will he be judged?
  • If God knows something will happen when it is uncertain his knowledge is mistaken but that cannot be
  • But if he firmly knows then it’s unfair
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15
Q

OMNISCIENCE AND FREE WILL

WHAT DID BOETHIUS FORGET?

A

-That God is not in time, he can see past, present and future but cannot change things

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16
Q

OMNISCIENCE AND FREE WILL

ANSELM

A
  • Developed idea God can see all time at once
  • Past and present for God exist in same way as future
  • The limits of out imagination do not give any evidence against eternity of God
  • E.g. Different people live in different times, WWII closer to parents than me
  • Time and space are in God
17
Q

TIME

SEMPITERNAL

A

-God as timeless creates more problems than solves, limits free will

18
Q

TIME

GOD AS TIMELESS ‘ETERNAL’ OR ‘ATEMPORAL’

A
  • Most common view
  • Popular as shows God is not limited
  • Time is created by God and he is not a subject of it
  • Believed by Boethius, AQUINAS, ANSELM, Augustine, Schleiermacher
19
Q

TIME

GOD AS TIMELESS - AUGUSTINE

A
  • Does Bible support atemporal God?
  • God made world at particular time, what had he been doing before hand if moves along time with us?
  • If everlasting, why that moment?
  • Bible supports timeless God, can’t be a ‘before’ God he is immutable
20
Q

TIME

GOD AS TIMELESS - AQUINAS

A
  • When describing God the language we use is analogical
  • We can’t use words to describe God as he is not like us
  • We have to put characteristics in inverted commas and is words from experience as those are the only words human language has
21
Q

TIME

GOD AS EVERLASTING WITHIN TIME

A
  • God everlasting and moved along same timeline as us but it never begins or ends
  • Past events just as fixed for God as us
22
Q

TIME

GOD WITHIN TIME - HARTSHORNE AND SWINBURNE

A
  • Justifies God as all-loving if he is within time responding to events
  • How can God act in a world he cannot control, what about prayer? Does it become meaningless?
23
Q

TIME

GOD WITHIN TIME - CRISTICISM

A
  • God being than which nothing greater can be conceived, greater being would not be constrained by time
  • If he was bound by time he would be much more limited, see how events play out, times when his plan is thwarted, hardly omnipotent or omniscient
24
Q

OMNIBENEVOLENCE

OVERVIEW

A
  • God’s nature is live, Old Testament is mainly God’s love for Israel
  • Love has no cause, part of his nature from start
  • Paul counts love as greater of 3 things that may forever, he is with us in our pain even if we don’t understand the reason
25
Q

OMNIBENEVOLENCE

MORTMANN
Suffers with us

A
  • God doesn’t sit outside the world, he suffers with us, God suffered with us in Christ
  • Although we can’t understand we will one day and can be confident of God’s love
26
Q

OMNIBENEVOLENCE

HUME AND MILLS CRITICISM

A

-Existence of evil and suffering contradicts living God

27
Q

OMNIBENEVOLENCE

AQUINAS ANALOGY

A
  • Using analogy we can’t understand God’s love as the same as ours
  • If we were to understand a magnificent building we would view it form many angles but we could not take it all in at once as we are much smaller than the building
28
Q

OMNIBENEVOLENCE

CRITICISM OF ANALOGY

A
  • Some might say windows are for looking in, others might say they are for looking out
  • Demonstrates only the different limited perspectives of the viewers, not that the building could not exist at all
29
Q

OMNIBENEVOLENCE

DAWKINS

A
  • It is a mystery is a lazy kind of thinking and damaging, we shouldn’t just accept what we can’t understand
  • If God is intelligible to us then this is reason to stop claiming that such a being exists
30
Q

OMNIBENEVOLENCE

AGAPE

A
  • Showing love through action rather than a feeling
  • God is not just an example of love but is the source of love
  • Demonstrated through Jesus’ sacrifice
  • Christians - any love shown by humans for each other is a reflection of God
31
Q

OMNIBENEVOLENCE

JUSTICE AND JUDGEMENT

A
  • Omnibenevolent God is closely linked with God of justice and judgement
  • Love does with demand that people should keep commandments
  • Love shown to Hebrew people by God results in heavy responsibilities as they are setting an example set apart because of their relationship with God
  • When rescued from Egypt about to be given commandments they are reminded they have this role due to God’s love
32
Q

OMNIBENEVOLENCE

PLATO AND ARISTOTLE

A
  • Plato’s for of good does not have feelings but biblical God is a love which is interactive and requires response
  • Aristotle’s prime mover although perfect does not have characteristics of a Christian God

Philosophy (6 decks)

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