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BIOEPI > NATURE OF BIOSTATISTICS > Flashcards

NATURE OF BIOSTATISTICS Flashcards

1
Q
  • It is a science dealing with the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of
    numerical data.
  • It is an art of summarizing data so that non-statistician can understand it.
  • It is a tool in decision making to formulate good judgment.
  • It can mean a METHOD or DATA.
A

Statistics

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2
Q
  • Data reduction technique
  • Tool for analyzing research projects and clinical trials
  • Tool for objective appraisal and evaluation of programs
  • Tool in decision making process and policy making
A

Uses of Statistics

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3
Q

Biostatistics

A

BIO means life.
* STATISTICS means data.
* It is a special branch of statistics which deals with quantitative and qualitative aspects of
vital phenomena

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4
Q

data required in the planning, administration, and evolution of health
programs

A

Health Statistics

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5
Q

distribution & determinants of health-related states and events

A

epidemiology

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6
Q

study of human population

A

study of human population

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7
Q

functioning of health care system and health affecting behaviors

A

health economics

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8
Q

heredity, genes and functions

A

genetics and genomics

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9
Q

Branches of Statistics

A
  1. Descriptive Statistics
  2. Inferential Statistics
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10
Q

 Methods of summarizing and presenting data
 Computation of measures of central tendency and variability
 Tabulation and graphical presentation
 Facilitate understanding, analysis, and interpretation of data

A

Descriptive Statistics

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11
Q

 Methods of arriving at conclusions and generalizations about a target population based on
information from a sample
 Estimation of parameters and hypotheses testing

A

Inferential Statistics

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12
Q

all members of a specified group

A

Population

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13
Q

subset of a population

A

Sample

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14
Q

measure of a characteristic of a population

A

measure of a characteristic of a population

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15
Q

value of a characteristic that remains the same from person to person, from time to time or from place to place

A

Constant

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16
Q

characteristics takes on different values

A

Variable

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17
Q
  1. According to Source
     Primary Data
     Secondary Data
  2. According to Functional Relationship
     Primary Data
     Secondary Data
A

Type of Data

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18
Q

descriptions or labels to distinguish one group from another

A

Qualitative

19
Q

can be measured and ordered according to quantity or amount and expressed numerically

A

Quantitative

20
Q

assume a finite or countable number of values

A

Discrete

21
Q

infinity or other possible values

A

Continuous

22
Q

 Simply used as names or identifiers of a category
 Always qualitative
 Does not represent any amount or quantity

A

Nominal

23
Q

 Simply used as names or identifiers of a category
 Always qualitative
 Does not represent any amount or quantity

A

Nominal

24
Q

 Represents an ordered series of relationships
 May be qualitative or quantitative

A

Ordinal

25
Q

 Does not have a true-zero value starting point
 Always quantitative

A

Interval

26
Q

 Modified interval level which includes zero as a starting point
 Always quantitative

A

Ratio

27
Q

systematic procedure to ensure that the information/data gathered are complete, consistent
and suitable for analysis.

A

Data Processing

28
Q
  • CODING
  • ENCODING
  • EDITING
A

DATA PROCESSING

29
Q

conversion of verbal/written information into numbers which can be more easily encoded,
counted and tabulated.

A

data coding

30
Q

actual value or information given by the respondent

A

Field Code

31
Q

recorded as range of values rather than actual values

A

Bracket Code

32
Q

assigned to a list of categories of a given variable

A

Factual Code

33
Q

applicable for questions with multiple responses

A

Pattern Code

34
Q

Rules in Code Construction

A

 Number of rules must be kept to minimum (<8)
 Codes should be exhaustive and mutually exclusive
 Adopt coding convention for questions with similar answers

35
Q

 No response
 Not applicable questions

A

Coding Problems

36
Q

document which contains a record of all codes assigned to the responses to all questions
in the data collection form

A

Coding Manual

36
Q

document which contains a record of all codes assigned to the responses to all questions
in the data collection form

A

Coding Manual

37
Q

Minimum information that must be included in a coding manual

A

 Variable name
 Variable description
 Coding instructions

38
Q

Entering the data/responses in a spreadsheet
 MS Excel
 MS Access
 Epi Inf

A

Data Encoding

39
Q

 Inspection and correction of any errors or inconsistencies in the information collected
 During data collection, encoding, before data analysis

A

Data Encoding

40
Q

 Reviewing the accomplished data collection forms
 Decoding of abbreviations or special symbols
 Making callbacks/messages for verification/clarification of incomplete answers

A

Field Editing

41
Q

 Checking of inconsistencies and incorrect entries after receiving the questionnaire from the
field
 Checking of encoded data

A

. Central Editing

42
Q

 Make corrections as early as possible
 Reduce non-response or incomplete answers
 Eliminate inconsistencies, incorrect info.
 Make the entries clear, legible and comprehensive
 Prepare data for analysis

A

Importance of Data Editing

43
Q

 Check for duplicate entries
 Check the totals of each variable if the same as with the sample size
 For qualitative data, check if categories are consistent with what is specified in the coding
manual
 For quantitative data, check the minimum and maximum if they are logical given the
possible values of variable

A

What to check when editing data?

BIOEPI (5 decks)

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