Principles of Sampling and Data Presentation

Question 1

Is the set of complete collection or totality of all
possible values of the variable

Answer 1

Population (N)

Question 2

A subset or sub-collection of elements drawn from a
population.

Answer 2

Sample (n)

Question 3

 Define the Target Population
 Select a Sampling frame
 Determine if probability or non-probability sampling method will be chosen.
 Plan procedure for selecting sampling units
 Determine sample size
 Select actual sampling units
 Conduct fieldwork

Answer 3

Stages in the Selection of a Sample

Question 4

In this technique elements of the sample are selected through lottery.

Answer 4

Simple random sampling

Question 5

o This technique of sampling is done by taking every element in the population
assignment of number as a part of the sample.
o To select the systematic sample of n elements from a population of N element, we
divide the N element in the population in the n groups of kth element.

Answer 5

Systematic sampling

Question 6

Population under this technique is being divided into sections (or cluster), randomly
select some of these cluster as the member of the sample size.

Answer 6

Cluster sampling

Question 7

o In this technique, the population is subdivided into at least two different sub-population
(or strata) that share the same characteristics and then the elements of the sample
are drawn from its stratum proportionately.
o We used this formula to compute for proportional stratified sampling technique

Answer 7

Stratified sampling

Question 8

In this technique, the elements of the sample are being selected according to the
criteria or rules set

Answer 8

Purposive sampling

Question 9

In this technique, the sample are being selected from a particular place at specified
time preferred

Answer 9

Convenience sampling

Question 10

In this technique, the researcher asks respondents to give referrals to other possible
respondents

Answer 10

Snowballing sampling

Question 11

In this technique, the sample size is limited on the required number or subject in the
study

Answer 11

Quota sampling

Question 12

METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA

Answer 12

 Textual
 Tabular
 Graphical

Question 13

used to provide contextual
information and are fundamentally presented in paragraphs or sentences.

Answer 13

Textual presentation

Question 14

one of the simplest means to summarize a set of observations and can be used for all
types of numerical data. It is useful in summarizing and comparing quantitative information coming
from different variables and different units and consequently be presented together.

Answer 14

TABLE PRESENTATION

Question 15

 The proportion of the total number of observations that appears in that interval.
 It is computed by dividing the number of values within an interval by the total number of values
in the table, multiplied by 100% to obtain the percentage of values in the interval
useful for comparing sets of data that contain unequal numbers of observation.

Answer 15

Relative Frequency

Question 16

percentage of the total number of observations that have a value less than or equal to
the upper limit of the interval
 It is calculated by summing the relative frequencies for the specified interval and all previous
ones

Answer 16

Cumulative Relative Frequency

Question 17

simplify complex information by using images and emphasizing data patterns or trends, and
are useful for summarizing, explaining, or exploring quantitative data.

Answer 17

GRAPH PRESENTATION

Question 18

Popular type of graph used to display a frequency
distribution for nominal or ordinal data.

Answer 18

BAR CHARTS

Question 19

depicts a frequency distribution for discrete or continuous data.
 It is a bar graph in which the horizontal scale represents classes and the vertical scale
represents frequencies.
 The horizontal axis displays the true limits of the various intervals.
 The true limits of an interval are the points that separate it from the intervals on either side

Answer 19

HISTOGRAMS

Question 20

Useful for comparing individual categories with the total.

Answer 20

PIE CHART

Question 21

constructed by placing a point at the
center of each interval such that the height of
the point is equal to the frequency or relative
frequency associated with that interval.
 Points are also placed on the horizontal axis
at the midpoints of the intervals immediately
preceding and immediately following the
intervals that contain observations.
 The points are then connected by straight
lines

Answer 21

FREQUENCY POLYGONS

Question 22

 Another type of graph that can be used to summarize a set of discrete or continuous
observations.
 Uses a single horizontal axis to display the relative position of each data point in the group

Answer 22

One-Way Scatter Plots

Question 23

similar to one-way scatter plots in that they require a single axis; instead of
plotting every observation, however, they display only a summary of the data

Answer 23

Box Plots

Question 24

depict the relationship between two different continuous measurements.
 Each point on the graph represents a pair of values;
 The scale for one quantity is marked on the horizontal axis, or x-axis, and the scale for the
other on the vertical axis, or y-axis

Answer 24

Two-Way Scatter Plots

Question 25

Similar to a two-way scatter plot in that it can be
used to illustrate the relationship between
continuous quantities.
 Each point on the graph represents a pair of values.
 Adjacent points are connected by straight lines
 Useful for representing time-series data
 Useful for studying patterns and trends across data
 Also appropriate for representing not only timeseries data, but also data measured over the
progression of a continuous variable such as
distanc

Answer 25

Line Graphs

Question 26

sampling technique in which every member of a population has a known
and equal chance of being selected

Answer 26

Probability sampling-

Question 27

sampling technique where the odds of any member being selected
for a sample cannot be calculated

Answer 27

Non-probability sampling