nature of crime

Question 1

what were the most common crimes in the Saxon/Medieval era?

Answer 1

Theft, Murder, recieving stolen goods

Question 2

what was the main cause of crime in the Medieval period and give some era specific reasons for this

Answer 2

-poverty

-regular outbreaks of famine and disease (Black Death of 1340s)
-impact of expensive wars (war of roses 1455-1485

Question 3

a crime committed in the Medival period was highway robbery - what caused this crime?

Answer 3

-more trade
-merchants using roads

Question 4

how did parliament attempt to deal with highway robbery?

Answer 4

-asked lords to cut down all the trees and bushes for thirty feet either side of major roads so robbers had nowhere to hide

Question 5

why was poverty a main cause of crime in the early modern era?

Answer 5

-bad harvests caused rise in food prices
-inflation
-closing of the monistaries

Question 6

why did the crime of vagrancy increase during the early modern period?

Answer 6

-unemployment
-vagabond act 1572

Question 7

what did the vagrancy act of 1547 say?

Answer 7

-any able-bodied person not working to be punished
-branded with a V, hole in their ear

Question 8

what were two crimes that emerged/increased in early modern period?

Answer 8

-vagrancy
-heresey

Question 9

why did the amount of heresey increase in the early modern era?

Answer 9

becuase of the frequent change in official religion - the english refomation

Question 10

what crimes are associated with the industrial period?

Answer 10

-smuggling
-highway robbery
-riots and protests

Question 11

why did smuggling become a problem in the industrial period?

Answer 11

-britain was continuously at war so increased customs for more income

Question 12

smuggling: what did the government increase customs on?

Answer 12

chocolate, tea, wine, spirits, leather

Question 13

why was it hard to control smuggling?

Answer 13

people didnt come forwards as most communties were involved themselves as smuggled goods were cheaper

Question 14

how did the government attemp to handle the rise in smuggling?

Answer 14

-reducing duties
-free trade policy in the 1840s where there were very few duties on any goods brought from abroad

Question 15

what were the reasons for the major influx in highway robbers in the industrial period?

Answer 15

-increase in travel
-imporvements in turnpike roads encouraged more travel
-limited banking facilities meant more money being carried by road

Question 16

industrial: what were footpads?

Answer 16

robbers who attacked people on foot

Question 17

industrial: what were mounted highwaymen?

Answer 17

they held up coaches and riders on horseback

Question 19

who were two famous highway robbers of the induastrial period who were glamorised?

Answer 19

-Dick Turpin
-John Rann

Question 20

why did highway robbery eventally end?

Answer 20

-roads became busier
-greater use of banknotes that could be traced
-London horse patrol set up in 1805 for main roads

Question 21

there was a massive increase in crime in the industrial period - why was this?

Answer 21

urbanisation meant that…
-the population of the UK rose to 42 million in 1900
-living and working conditions in inner cities were squalid and insanitary
-economy was weak during Napoleonic Wars and agricultural depression of 1870s

Question 22

what crimes were connected to urbanisation?

Answer 22

-thimble-screwers = people who stole pocket-watches from their chains
-prop-nailers = stole pins/brooches from women
-drag-sneaks = stole goods or luggage from carts and coaches

Question 23

how did the gov try to prevent disorder in the industrial revolution?

Answer 23

the combination act of 1799 and 1800 = directed against trade unions

Question 24

one example of protest in the industrial period was the luddites - why did they protest?

Answer 24

they were loom weavers whose jobs had been taken by machines - they attacked these machines in protest

Question 25

where were the luddites from?

Answer 25

industrial towns in northern England

Question 26

describe the swing riots

Answer 26

agricultural labourers were angry about the introduction of new machinery - there were attacks on machines and properties were set on fire

Question 27

where did the swing riots happen?

Answer 27

south-east england

Question 28

why did crime rates appear to rise after 1900?

Answer 28

more reporting and recording of crime

Question 29

What new crimes emerged in the twentieth century?

Answer 29

-transport/car crimes
-cybercrime
-gun/knife crime
-terrorism

Question 30

Which crime in the modern period is an example of an old crime with a new name?

Answer 30

Using another persons identity

Question 31

Give 5 examples of cybercrime

Answer 31

-hacking
-phishing
-identity theft
-cyber bullying
-sexual crimes

Question 32

Give an example of a violent crime in the twentieth century?

Answer 32

Hooliganism = linked to football, activities like rioting and vandalism

Question 33

How did police deal with football hooliganism?

Answer 33

-specialist police force
-segregating fans during games
-use of CCTV

Question 34

as well as creating new crimes, the invention of motor cars has also changed the nature of other crimes - how?

Answer 34

-vehicle theft
-getaway vehicles
-transporting illegal goods

Question 35

why has gun, knife and drug crime increased in the modern period?

Answer 35

-poverty
-growing divide between rich and poor in cities
-breakdown of family values and discipline

Question 36

what is gun and knife crime associated with?

Answer 36

juvenile gang culture

Question 37

when did the growth of modern terrorism begin?

Answer 37

the 1960s

Question 38

what was the most serious terrorist threat to the UK in the mid-twentieth centuary?

Answer 38

IRA

Question 39

what was the IRA?

Answer 39

a catholic group dedicated to ending british rule in northern ireland

Question 40

how many people were killed in the troubles?

Answer 40

3,500

Question 41

what attacks did the IRA carry out on british mainland?

Answer 41

-public houses bombings in birmingham in 1974 killed 19 people
-bombing of Arndale shopping centre in Manchester in 1996 injured over 200 people

Question 42

more recently, terrorist threats have come from islamist extremism - give an example of a group and an event?

Answer 42

-al-Qaeda
-7/7 bombings in 2005
-suicide bombings on londons transport systems