Nausea Flashcards
Causes of nausea
Concussions, encephalitis, meningitis, appendicitis, tumours and migraines
Inputs into the vomiting centre
Abdominal and vagal cardiac afferents, sensory afferents and CNS response, CTZ response, nucleus solitarius, vestibular system, limbic system and ICP receptors
Treatments of motion sickness
Hyoscine, promethazine, cyclizine and cinnarizine
Treatment options for post-op nausea
Hyoscine, metoclopramide, cyclizine, ondansetron for resistant vomiting
Treatment of drug induced nausea
Prochlorperazine, metaclopramide, cyclizine for opioid induced
Treatment for palliative care nausea
Metoclporamine, then domperidone, if opioid induced then cyclizine and diamorphine
Treatment of nausea associated with pregnancy
Promethazine, metaclopramide, pyridoxine
Treatment options for nausea
Antihistamines, antimuscarinics, D2 antagonists, 5HT3 antagonists, neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists, cannabinoids and corticosteroids
Antihistamines used for nausea
Cyclizine and promethazine
Side effects of antihistamines
Sedation, headache, dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision
Antimuscarinuc used for nausea
Hyoscine
Side effects of hyoscine
Dry mouth, sedation, urinary retention
Dopamine receptor antagonists used for nausea
Doperidone, levopromazine, metaclopramide, prochlorperazine - only for short durations <1 week
Side effects of dopamine receptor antagonists
Extrapyramidal effects from block in basal ganglia. Prolonged use tardive dyskinesias and arrhythmias. Pituitary blockade can cause galactorrhoea, hynaecomastia and amenorrhoea
Serotonin receptor antagonists used for nausea
Ondansetron, granisetron and pasonestron
