NAV 1

Question 1

Characteristics of Celestial navigation

Answer 1

Sextant and Chronometer

Question 2

Examples of radio navigation aids

Answer 2

NDB, VOR, DME, ILS

Question 3

Characteristics of INS

Answer 3

Inertial navigation, useful when no radio source but must be calibrated at the start

Question 4

Characteristics of GNSS

Answer 4

Global navigation satellite systems. All weather moving maps

Question 5

Shape of the earth

Answer 5

Oblate Spheroid

Question 6

What direction does the earth rotate

Answer 6

Anti-clockwise through the north/south pole

Question 7

How long is a solar day

Answer 7

86400 seconds

Question 8

How many time zones

Answer 8

24, each 15 degrees

Question 9

What is earths tilt

Answer 9

23.5 degrees, creates seasons

Question 10

How is a solar day defined

Answer 10

Time between solar noon at the local meridian (when the sun is directly overhead at noon)

Question 11

What is the prime meridian

Answer 11

The meridian line running through Greenwich, which gives GMT

Question 12

What is UTC

Answer 12

Coordinated Universal Time. Time reference for aviation

Question 13

When is morning civil twilight

Answer 13

When the geometric centre of the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon, end at sunrise

Question 14

When is evening civil twilight

Answer 14

When the geometric centre of the sun is set and ends 6 degrees below the horizon

Question 15

What is the maximum angular distance from the equator for latitude

Answer 15

90 degrees + or -

Question 16

What is the maximum angular distance from the equator for longitude

Answer 16

180 degrees + or -

Question 17

What is the standard for cartography and satellite navigation

Answer 17

World Geodetic System WGS84 from 1984, revised in 2004

Question 18

On a grid system what is the horizontal axis labelled

Answer 18

Eastings

Question 19

On a grid system what is the vertical axis labelled

Answer 19

Northings

Question 20

What is the anti-meridian

Answer 20

180 degrees east/west. AKA international Date Line

Question 21

What is direction

Answer 21

Heading from one point to another in degrees

Question 22

What is distance

Answer 22

The shortest path (typically) between two points on earth

Question 23

How many meters in 1 nautical mile

Answer 23

1852m

Question 24

How many minutes of latitude in 1nm

Answer 24

1 degree

Question 25

How many nautical miles in 1 degree of latitude

Answer 25

60nm

Question 26

What are great circles

Answer 26

Shortest path between two points on the surface of the Earth. Centre of the circle must pass through the centre of the earth. Equator and both prime and anti meridian are great circles

Question 27

What are small circles

Answer 27

Circle drawn on the surface of the earth that does not pass through the centre of the earth. If it isn't a great circle then must be a small circle

Question 28

At what angle does a rhumb line cut the meridians it crosses

Answer 28

It cuts them all at the same angle so on a flat map it would be on a straight line

Question 29

Do you need to change headings when following a great circle route

Answer 29

Yes constantly, so can set up a series of rhumb line routes

Question 30

What is true north

Answer 30

True direction of geographic north pole

Question 31

What is magnetic north

Answer 31

Free floating magnetic compass points to magnetic north

Question 32

What is Compass north

Answer 32

Magnetic north but under the influence of both the earths magnetic field as well as other magnetic fields in the vicinity

Question 33

How do you convert a true heading to a magnetic heading

Answer 33

Add/subtract the variation. West is best, add. East is least, subtract. Variation magnetic is key.

Question 34

How do you convert a magnetic heading to a compass heading

Answer 34

Add/subtract the Deviation. West is best, add. East is least, subtract. Deviation compass is key

Question 35

What is magnetic inclination

Answer 35

Magnets dip trying to align to the magnetic field. Pointing east west at the equator and north south at the poles hence compass needle may be weighted

Question 36

What is an Isogonal

Answer 36

Lines on a map giving the magnetic variation for a specific area

Question 37

How do you convert a true heading to a compass heading?

Answer 37

Add or subtract both the variation and deviation. West is best so add, east is least so subtract

Question 38

What is true track

Answer 38

Direction of intended flight measured in degrees clockwise from true north by reference to a meridian

Question 39

What is a reciprocal track

Answer 39

Track of the aircraft plus 180 degrees