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Navigation Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Air Navigation definition

A

determine geographic position and maintain desired direction of an aircraft relative to the surface of the earth

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2
Q

position

A

geographic point defined by coordinates

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3
Q

latitude

A 
angular distance north or south of the equator
0= equator
0-90 degrees
curved on Lambert conformal chart.
latitude is measured along meridian
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4
Q

longitude

A

angular distance east or west of prime meridian
0 = meridian, 180 = international date line.
straight lines on Lambert conformal chart
longitude is measured along parallel lines

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5
Q

how many minutes in a degree

A

60 minutes in a degree

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6
Q

dead reckoning

A

directing an aircraft and determining its position by the application of direction and speed data from a previous position

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7
Q

dead reckoning components

A

PTSD

position, time, speed, direction

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8
Q

direction

A

angular distance from a reference. measured 001-360 degrees

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9
Q

primary instrument for determining direction

A

BDHI - bearing distance heading indicator (remote gyro vertical compass)

ring laser gyro highly accurate without lag

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10
Q

secondary or backup direction measurment instrument

A

stand by compass

wet compass, reliable (does not require eletricity) but is unstable during maneuvers

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11
Q

Time

A

00+00
00+00+00

00: 00
00: 00:00

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12
Q

ETE estimated time en route

A

expressed in hours : minutes

or hr + min

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13
Q

speed

A

distance / time

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14
Q

three primary instruments for dead reckoning

A

BDHI (direction and position)
clock (time)
airspeed indicator (IAS)

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15
Q

two secondary instruments

A

altimeter

outside air temp - OAT

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16
Q

what variables are used to convert IAS into TAS

A

altimeter and outside air temp

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17
Q

visual navigation

A

navigation by ground references (bld, river)

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18
Q

electronic navigation - and its 3 categories

A

use of electronic devices to determine position

1) receive signals from EXTERNAL SOURCES
GROUND STATIONS - VOR, TACAN
SPACE - GPS
2) IN BOARD signals - RADAR, DOPPLER

3) self contained - INERTIAL NAVIGATION SYSTEM (INS)
- requires pilot input of starting location

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19
Q

Type of electronic navigation which recieves input from space

A

GPS

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20
Q

Great Circle

A

circle formed by continuing arc inscribed by connecting the shortest distance between two points on a sphere.

circle which plane passes through the center of the earth

EX: every longitude, and the equator

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21
Q

Lambart conformal projections

A

conic projections

parallels - equally spaced concentric circles
meridians - straight lines converging at poles
great circle - plot as straight line
scale is constant

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22
Q

Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) - scale and properties

A

1:1,000,000
less detail, larger area
world wide coverage

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23
Q

Tactical Pilotage Chart (TPC) - scale and properties

Study These Flashcards
A

1:500,000
more detail, smaller area
world wide coverage

24
Q

Course

Study These Flashcards
A

aircrafts INTENDED flight path

25
Heading
angular distance of the aircraft's longitudinal axis from reference (TN or MN). where HEAD of aircraft is pointing
26
Track
aircrafts actual flight path over the ground
27
variation
angular difference between true north and magnetic north
28
isogonic line
connects points of equal variation
29
East is Least, Best is West
``` MC = TC - East variation MC = TC + West variation ```
30
degrees in 1 hr (time zone)
15 degrees / hr 1 hr = 15 degrees (360 degrees / 24hr)
31
Divider
measuring distance on a chart
32
plotter
combination protractor and straightedge. used ot aid in drawing course lines and measuring direction
33
when measuring distance, how long is 1 minute latitude?
1 NM = 1 min lat
34
LA GS
when solving for pressure altitude, if measured pressure is less than standard (29.92) then add. if greater than standard subtract.
35
nautical mile
one minute of arc measured along any great circle
36
vector
possesses both direction and magnitude
37
air vector
the aircraft's direction and speed represented by True Heading (TH) and True Airspeed (TAS)
38
ground vector
the aircraft's intended or actual flight path (True Course or Track) and Ground Speed (GS)
39
wind vector
winds direction TRUE (DIR) and Velocity (VEL)
40
Drift angle
the difference between true heading and track
41
crab angle
the amount of correction an aircraft must be turned into the wind in order to maintain the desired course.
42
absolute altitude
actual height of aircraft above the surface of the earth (AKA AGL)
43
Pressure altitude
CALIBRATED altitude corrected for difference between local atm P and standard 29.92 (LA GS)
44
indicated altitude
reading on the aircraft altimeter when set to the local area barometric
45
calibrated altitude
altitude corrected for instrument and installation error
46
True altitude
actual height of the aircraft above MSL. Found by correcting calibrated altitude (CA) for density.
47
temperature variation causes how much altimeter error?
11 C temperature change from standard causes 4% altimeter error
48
Indicated airspeed
IAS - airspeed read directly from the aircraft airspeed indicator
49
calibrated airspeed
Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument installation error.
50
True airspeed
TAS is calibrated airpseed corrected for air denisty. Speed of aircraft through the air mass
51
ground speed
actual speed of the aircraft relative to the ground. TAS corrected for head wind/tail wind.
52
Gyro vertical compass card aka BDHI | -what is the point of the second needle represent?
MAGNETIC bearing to the TACAN in radials
53
Gyro vertical compass card aka BDHI | -what is the tail of the second needle represent?
Current radial (i.e. radial from the station to aircraft)
54
Gyro vertical compass card aka BDHI | -what does the top of the dial on a BDHI represent?
heading (where the nose of the aircraft is pointed)
55
Gyro vertical compass card aka BDHI | -what is the DME?
technically the slant range, however we consider it the horizontal distance from the aircraft to the TACAN
56
Jet log primary purpose
Fuel management
57
course control vs turn point navigation
course control: adjust route to stay on track multiple times. turn point: once off track, make single correction to return to a single point on track

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