Nazi Dictatorship Flashcards
(228 cards)
1
Q
What did Volksgemeinshaft stand for?
A
People’s community
2
Q
What happened to the KPD after the Reichstag Fire?
A
it was banned
3
Q
what did the DNVP and Centre party do?
A
dissolved themselves
4
Q
When was the Law against formation of new parties passed?
A
July 1933
5
Q
What was the Law against formation of new parties?
A
outlawed all non-Nazi political parties
6
Q
How much of the vote did the Nazis have in November 1933?
A
92.11%
7
Q
Who was Goering?
A
minister of interior for Prussia
8
Q
When was the first law for coordination of federal states passed?
A
31st March 1933
9
Q
What was the first law for coordination of federal states?
A
state assemblies replaced with Nazi ones
10
Q
When was the second law for coordination of federal states passed?
A
7th April 1933
11
Q
What was the second law for coordination of federal states?
A
Reich governor to oversee governance of each state
12
Q
When was the law for reconstruction of the Reich passed?
A
30th January 1934
13
Q
What was the law for the reconstruction of the Reich?
A
state assemblies abolished
14
Q
When was the abolition of the Reichsrat
A
14th Feb 1934
15
Q
When was the Night of the Long Knives?
A
30th June 1934
16
Q
When did the SA loose the title of Auxiliary Police?
A
August 1933
17
Q
What was the martial law?
A
Army would have power with SA
18
Q
Drunken brawls with the SA was now common
A
19
Q
Papen did a speech at Harburg uni, calling an end for terror and Hitler to clamp down on SA, Hindenburg agreed so threatened to declare martial law
A
20
Q
How many where executed at Night of the Long Knives?
A
84
21
Q
How many where arrested at Night of the Long Knives?
A
1000+
22
Q
Who was the new terror state?
A
SS
23
Q
When did Hitler tell the Reichstag he was responsible for the Night of the Long Knives?
A
13th July, gaining him the support of the public and army
24
Q
What did the membership of SA decline to by October 1935?
A
1.6 million
25
Who was Ernst Rohm?
head of SA
26
How did Hindenburg die?
lung cancer
27
When did Hindenburg die?
2nd August 1934
28
How long did it take Hitler to create the title of Fuhrer?
an hour after Hindenburg's death
29
What did the title of the Fuhrer mean?
Chancellor and President
30
What did the armed forces do?
swore allegiance to Hitler
31
What did the SD do?
in charge of foreign and domestic intelligence, and claimed to keep everyone under supervision
32
Who was Reinhard Heydrich?
Took charge of SD and Gestapo in 1936
33
Who was Klaus Barbie?
Chief of Gestapo in 1940
34
How many peoples death was Klaus Barbie responsible for?
4000 people and deportation of 7500
35
How did the SPD and KPD resist?
- voted against enabling act
- unions in Berlin and Hamburg
36
Why could parties from the left (KPD and SPD) not really pose a threat?
They where too divided
37
How did workers resist the regime?
by acts of self sabotage, striking and not going to work
38
How many workers went on strike in 1935?
25,000
39
When was labor regulations against slackers introduced?
1938
40
What percentage of Germany where Protestants and Catholics?
Protestants- 58%
Catholics- 32%
41
How many pastors where imprisoned in 1937?
700+
42
When was the Concordat agreed?
July 1933
43
What was the Concordat?
Church would not interfere with politics, vice versa, church would keep control of schools and youth organizations
44
When was the seizure of Catholic organizations?
1933
45
What was removed from classrooms?
Crucifixes
46
What did Hitler demand in terms of religion?
People choose religion or Nazism
47
Swing Youth
- m/c teens
- fans of American music
- illegal dances
- resistance emerged by late 1930s
- in Hamburg
- one big group
48
The Edelweiss Pirates
- 12-18 year old boys
- anti Hitler- youth
- longer hair, distinctive clothing
- late 30s
- saw more resistance during ww2
- December 1942, 739 arrested--> re-education camps
- November 1944- leaders publicly hung
49
White Rose movement
- university of Munich
- non violent
- anti Nazi leaflets
50
What was the Oster conspiracy?
plot of German officers to eliminate Hitler
51
The Hitler Myth...
- Ruthless, uncompromising with enemies
- energetic
- sacrifice happiness for German people
- Political genius
52
Reality of Hitler...
- ministers created policies
- rarely got up before midday
- indecisive, prioritized own interests
- events staged to promote his God-like image
53
Forms of Nazi Propaganda?
Speeches, newspapers, posters, literature, schools, rallies, radio
54
how much did attendance of cinema increase in 1933-34?
400%
55
What is an example of a film used as propaganda?
Triumph of the will- 1935 film on Nuremburg rallies
56
How many newspapers did the Nazis own in 1933?
27
57
How many households had radios in 1939?
over 70%
58
By April 1934 who where all radio stations under control by?
Propaganda ministry
59
How many people where at the Nuremburg Rallies?
1,000,000
60
How many copies of Mein Kampf sold by 1933?
240,000
61
Who got a copy of Mein Kampf for free?
newlywed and those on the front line
62
How many copies had sold by 1939?
5.2 million
63
What was the new economic plan of 1934?
Mefo Bill
64
What was the Mefo Bill?
Military expenditure via credit notes to avoid borrowing inflation, bills exchanged for cash at the bank, 4% of interest per annum if didn't cash in for 5 years
65
What was the 'new plan'
- imports grew faster than exports
- trade paid in Reichsmarks, supplies only spent on German goods
66
What is Autarky?
self-sufficiency for food and natural resources
67
What was the 4 year plan?
- Germany war ready in 4 years
- controls on labor supply, prices and materials
- increase production of iron, steel, chemicals
68
When was the 4 Year Plan?
1936
69
What was I.G Farben?
- chemical company that Hitler was dependent on for, for gasoline for tanks
- this would render Germany self sufficient in oil
70
Who was the winners of the 4 year plan?
I.G Farben
71
Who where the losers of the 4 year plan?
Ruhr valley, iron and steel firms
72
How much raw materials where still imported by 1939?
33%
73
How long where students to serve in the SA?
2 months
74
What where girls expected to do?
1 year of domestic service
75
What was the mothers cross medal?
- medal for amount of children
- discouraged birth control
- birth rates increased
76
What was Lebensraum?
living space
77
What was Social Darwinism?
theory that individuals, groups and people are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection of plants and animals
78
What was Eugenics?
theory that a race of group of people could be genetically improved through selective breeding
79
What was Herrenvolk?
Master Race
80
Who was seen as racially impure?
Jews, Black people
81
What was racial hygiene?
Used as justification against disabled
82
When was the Law for Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Progeny?
July 1933
83
What was the Law for Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Progeny?
Sterilization Law
84
When where abortions permitted for those who would normally be sterilized?
1935
85
When did women get x-ray sterilization?
1936
86
What percentage of sterilized people where 'feeble minded' (IQ= 0-49)?
60%
87
How many women where sterilized?
400,000
88
How where the disabled presented in propaganda?
As a burden
89
When was Euthanasia for mentally and physically disabled authorized?
October 1939
90
By 1941 how many children where killed by the Euthanasia programme?
5000
91
How many adults killed in first wave of Aktion T4?
8000
92
By 1941 how many people where killed?
70,000
93
How many deaths in total?
300,000
94
What where 'associals'?
Nazi term that encompassed anyone they felt was a social outcast (alcoholics, unemployed, homosexuals, sex workers)
95
In September 1933 what where homeless people forced to do?
500,000 forced to work or go to concentration camps
96
How many men where arrested for homosexuality between 1936-38?
over 22,000
97
What did male homosexuals have to wear?
pink triangles
98
How many gay men died in camps?
60%
99
When did Nazi regime impose boycotts on Jewish shops?
1st April 1933
100
What did they do to Jewish shops in April 1933?
painted stars on shop windows, SA members outside shops- pressure so people wouldn't go in
101
How long did the boycott last?
1 day
102
When was the Law for Restoration of the professional civil service signed?
April 1933
103
What was the Law for Restoration of the professional civil service?
Jews removed from civil service, war veterans exempt
104
How many Jews left in Germany by 1933?
37,000
105
When was the Reich press law passed?
October 1933
106
What was the Reich press law?
Censorship of Jewish journalists
107
How much of the legal profession was Jewish?
16%
108
When was the ban of Jewish doctors?
April 1933
109
When was the Nuremburg Laws?
1935
110
What was the Reich Citizenship law?
someone could only be a German citizen only if they has pure German blood
111
What was the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor?
outlawed marriage between Aryans and non-Aryans, illegal for German citizens to marry Jews
112
What was a 'full Jew'?
someone who had 3 Jewish Grandparents or had two and was married to a Jew
113
What was Anschluss?
Uniting with Austria, forbidden in the TofV
114
When did Germany unite with Austria?
11th March 1938
115
When did Hitler demand the Sudetenland?
September 1938
116
When did Germany sign the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact?
1939- Poland was invaded
117
When was the anti-Semitic decrees?
November 1938
118
What was the anti-Semitic decrees?
Decree of registration of Jewish property, provided for the confiscation of all Jewish owned property
119
What was the Jewish property worth?
more than 5000 marks
120
How many Jewish businesses had avoided being closed down in 19838, out of all 40,000?
only 8000
121
How many Jewish salesmen lost their jobs?
30,000
122
When did Jews lose entitlement to public welfare?
1938
123
What where passports of German Jews stamped with in October 1938?
J
124
When did Jews have to change their name to more Jewish names?
1939
125
What was a women's Jewish name?
Sarah
126
what was a typical male Jewish name?
Israel
127
What was the Reichskristallnacht?
Night of Broken Glass
128
When was the Night of Broken Glass?
9th-10th November 1938
129
What happened on the Night of Broken Glass?
homes, synagogues burned, thousands beaten, imprisoned and sent to camps
130
What did Kristallnacht mean?
outbursts of anti-semitic feeling from radicalists
131
How many Jews where killed on the night of broken glass?
91
132
What was the fire brigades doing?
Just watching, ensuring fire wouldn't spread to other buildings
133
What was the Decree for restoration of the street scene?
Jews made to pay for repairs
134
How much where the repairs from the night of the long knives?
1 billion marks
135
When was the decree excluding Jews from German economic life?
12th November- 1938
136
How many Jews left Germany from March 1933- November 1938?
150,000
137
How many Jewish children sent to Britain in 1938-39?
9000
138
What was the Reich Ghetto?
Nazi solution to the Jews, made conditions so bad deliberately so that people would die, containment of Poles and Jews
139
Why was the Reich Ghetto a logistical nightmare?
wasn't possible to deport this amount of people, authorities couldn't cope with it
140
when was the Blitzkrieg?
1940
141
What was the Blitzkrieg?
Lightning war
142
When did the Madagascar plan take place?
May-June 1940
143
What was the Madagascar plan?
4 million Jews to be deported to Madagascar, everyday 1 ship would go, 3000 Jews would arrive
144
Why was the Madagascar plan abandoned?
as Britain did not surrender, turning of war to the East
145
When was operation Barbarossa?
1941
146
What was operation Barbarossa?
deportation to Siberia instead
147
Where was the first Reich Ghetto set up?
Lodz, second biggest city in Poland
148
What where the living conditions like in the Ghetto?
- 6 people shared an average room
- 15 people shared an average apartment
- few homes had running water
- lice infestations and diseases spread rapidly
149
what did Jews have to wear in December 1941?
Yellow star of David
150
In 1941 what did Jews need to travel?
a police permit
151
What was the Warsaw Ghetto?
wall built around Jewish Quarter
152
When was the Warsaw Ghetto made?
October 1940
153
who built and paid for the Warsaw Ghetto?
Jews
154
How big was the Warsaw Ghetto?
Largest in Europe
155
How did Ghetto residents resist the Nazis?
- members of underground resistance groups inside the Ghetto took to the streets to resist
156
hoe many died in the Warsaw Ghetto in 1940-41?
100,000+
157
How many in total died in the Warsaw Ghetto?
500,000
158
How many calories did people get in the Warsaw Ghetto?
Germans- 2310
Poles- 634
Jews- 300
159
what did Einsatzgruppen stand for?
special groups
160
When was the Einsatzgruppen formed by?
June-July 1941
161
What was the initial purpose of the Einsatzgruppen?
Eliminates communist officials, red army commissioners, Partisans
162
What was the Einsatzgruppen known for?
systematic murder of Jews
163
When did Germany attack Poland?
1st September 1939
164
How many people did the Einsatzgruppen shoot?
more than half a million
165
Where where Einsatzgruppen victims transported to?
Killing sites, forced to dig their own graves
166
Where was youth resistance most active during the war?
Ruhr and the Rhineland
167
What was an elite group resistance during the war?
Kreisau Circle
168
Who led the Kreisau Circle?
Count Helmath von Moltke
169
What did the Kreisau Circle believe in?
democracy
170
When where the Kreisau Circle broken up?
January 1944
171
When was the Battle of Britain?
1940
172
When was operation Barbarossa?
22nd June 1941
173
When was Stalingrad?
August-November 1942
174
When was D-Day?
6th June 1944
175
What was the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact?
non aggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union
176
What was D-Day?
allied forced launched naval air and land assult on Nazi occupied France, ground troops landed on 5 beaches, solidified that Nazis would lose the war, largest sea to land invasion
177
How many soldiers died as a result of D-Day?
4427
178
How many casualties as a result of D-Day?
290,000
179
How many Polish people killed in invasion of Poland 1939?
66,000
180
When did Hitler invade France?
10th May 1940
181
How many French soldiers killed in the invasion from Nazis?
90,000
182
What did Hitler aim with the Battle of Britain?
For RAF to be depleted to make an invasion impossible to put down, but RAF didn't collapse due to mistakes of Germany army
183
How many people died in Battle of Britain?
23,000 civilians
2500 British pilots
184
What was operation Barbarossa?
- Between Germany and Russia
- Pushed German Army to brink of defeat
- led to escalation of anti-Semitic policy
185
How many estimated deaths in ww2?
8.8 million
186
When was operation Valkyrie?
July 1944
187
What was operation Valkyrie?
last assisination attempt from a Colone, used incase of internal uprising
188
What was the plan of operation Valkyrie?
bomb in briefcase, plan to kill Hitler, Himmler and Goering at a meeting, phone call excused him and bomb went off, but Hitler survived
189
How old di you have to be to serve in 1940/41/43?
1940- 19
1941- 18
1943- 17
190
In 1945, 16 year olds could be conscripted
191
When and what was the Decree on the conversion of the whole German economy onto a war footing?
- 3rd September 1939
- wage reductions, ban of bonuses for overtime, sundays and night shifts
192
When was there a ban on holidays, 60 hours a week?
August 1944
193
What was given for poor absence?
fines
194
what was given to good attending employees?
more rations
195
How many women employed in May 1939?
6.4 million
196
January 1943, aged 17-45 had to register for work
197
What women did Hitler make exempt from work?
old women, pregnant, mothers with 2 or more children, Farmers' wives
198
How much of the workforce was women in 1945?
60%
199
when was total mobilization reached?
1942
200
What did Speer do?
- increased allocation of labor
- standardized products
- mass production techniques
- factories now 24/7
- 1941-42 aircraft production increased by 200%
- 1941-43 tank production by 250%
201
How many German cities where bombed in March-July 1934?
43
202
How long did Dresden last?
2 days, 13th February- 15th February 1945
203
What was Dresden?
Four raids over two days, destroyed more than 1600 acres of the city centre, 1200 bombers involved
204
How many people killed at Dresden?
25,000
205
Date of the Wansee conference for the final solution?
20th January 1942
206
When was the idea of the final solution formed?
at the 1942 Wansee conference
207
When did 50% of all Jews die?
February 1942- February 1943
208
When was Amsterdam Jews sent to Auschwitz?
February 1944
209
Jewish populations rounded up and Ghettos emptied
210
How was the evidence hidden?
- Nazis closed down and emptied camps
- Crematoria at Auschwitz blown up
- surviving prisoners forced 'death marches'
211
When was Hitlers death?
May 1945
212
When did Germany surrender?
May 1945
213
Who did 'ordinary camps' house?
- political prisoners
- catholics
- homosexuals
- socialists
- petty criminals
214
When did death camps emerge?
late 1941
215
What was the purpose of death camps?
to exterminate the Jewish race
216
What where prisoners at death camps divided into?
Productive- worked to death as slave labor
Unproductive- sent straight to gas chamber upon arrival
217
Sobibor death camp...
- 250,000 deaths
- Mostly Jewish and Soviet POW's
- closed down my Himmler in 1943
218
Treblinka death camp....
- main purpose was death
- operational, July 1942- September 1943
- 1 million Jews
- destination of Warsaw Jews
219
How many deaths from Auschwitz ii?
1.1 million
220
How many crematorium's at Birkenau?
5, 1 could burn 340 a day
221
when was Birkenau built?
October 1941
222
Capacity of Birkenau?
90,000
223
Who was Joseph Mengele?
would experiment on babies, responsible for many Jews deaths
224
Jewish resistance to the Nazis....
- Warsaw Ghetto uprising- Jan-May 1943
- Revolts in Sobibor and Treblinka- 1943
- 1944- Jews blew up Crematorium 4 at Auschwitz ii- Birkenau
225
When did death marches mainly occur?
Autumn-Winter 1944
226
Death marches....
- death from illness/ exhaustion
- no stopping
- process repeated from camp to camp
- walked 25km a day
- most causalities female
- if they stopped they where shot
227
When did death marches carry on till?
1945
228
What where people told on death marches?
that they had no destination, would carry on walking till they died
