Median Plane
Midsagital , Divides the body into right and left parts
Sagital Plane
Parasagital, Divides the body into right and left parts not necessarily in the middle
Coronal Plane
Frontal, Divides body into anterior and posterior
Horizontal Plane
Transverse, Divides the body into superior & inferior parts
Longitudinal Section
a cut through the long axis
Vertical Section
a cut through the width
Transverse Section
cut through any horizontal plane.
Oblique Section
a cut diagonally
Superior
Cranial, Above another structure.
Inferior
Caudal, below another structure
Anterior
Ventral, in front of another structure
Posterior
Dorsal, behind another structure
Medial
closer to the midline
Lateral
away from the midline
Median
middle
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment or origin
Distal
Away from the point of origin or attachment
External
outside, outer
Internal
inside, inner
Central
located closer to the midline
Peripheral
surrounding or outer border
Parietal
forms a wall of a body cavity or similar structures
Visceral
internal organs
Rostral
anterior end or nose end
Cephalic
pertaining to the head, closer to the head, anterior
Ipsilateral
same side
Contralateral
opposite side
Flexion
decreasing the angle between a joint by bending
Extension
increasing the angle between to joints by extending
Abduction
away from the body
Adduction
towards the body
Rotation
circular movement around an axis
Circumduction
a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
Supination
Palms up
Pronation
Palms down
Eversion
turning outward
Inversion
turning inward
Dorsioflexion
decreases the angle between the top of foot and front of leg
Plantarflexion
increases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg
Protrusion/Protraction
structure moves anteriorly; scapula, clavicle, head and jaw
Retraction
structure moves posterior; scapula, clavicle, head and jaw
Head (skull)
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Occiptal bone
Forms the back of cranium
Parietal bones
Forms the sides of the cranium
Frontal bone
Forms the Forehead
Temporal bones
Bones that cover the sides of the head, near the ear
Spehnoid bone
butterfly-shaped, spans the width of skull and forms floor of cranial cavity, behind eyes
Ethmoid bone
irregularly shaped bone located between the eye orbits; it helps form the boney structure of the nasal cavity.
Nasal bone
Forms the bridge of the nose, by junction
Maxilla
Forms most of the upper jaw, and part of the hard palate
Lacrimal bone
smallest bone of the face, front of media wall
Basilar Artery
An artery, formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries, that supplies blood to the brainstem and to the posterior cerebral arteries.
Internal Carotid
Branches from the right common carotid artery. Supplies the brain.
Middle Meningeal Artery
Branch of the first part of the maxillary artery that is the main blood supply to the meninges of the brain.
Vertebral Artery
First branch arising from the subclavian artery in the chest and enters the cranium through the foramen magnum.
Confluence of Sinuses
collection point for sinuses to drain
Inferior Saggital Sinus
in inferior falx cerebri, forms straight sinus.
Sigmoid SInus
Along the sigmoid groove. Drains from transverse sinus into the jugular vein.
Superior Sagital Sinus
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Arachnoid Granulation
Allows Cerebral Spinal Fluid to escape from subarachnoid space into superior sagittal sinu
