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NBME > NBME 11 > Flashcards

NBME 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

doxorubicin

A

ROS’s intercalate DNA; tox: alopecia, toxic extravasation, cardiotox

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2
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

crosslinks DNA at guanine N7; bioactivation by liver; tox: hemorrhagic cystitis (mesna)

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3
Q

vincristine

A

tox: peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileus

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4
Q

glyburide, meglitinide

A

sulfonylurea; blocks ATP K channel

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5
Q

schizoaffective

A

2 wks stable mood w/psych sx; plus major depressive or manic episode

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6
Q

schizophreniform

A

1-6 months Schizo

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7
Q

brief psychotic d/o

A

less than 1 mo. Schizo

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8
Q

L-dopa converted to dopa by:

A

DDC w/pyridoxine (vit. B6)

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9
Q

selegiline

A

irreversible MAOB-I for: early parkinson’s, depression, senile dementia

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10
Q

gabapentin

A

for: epilepsy, neuropathy

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11
Q

baclofen

A

for: muscle spasms; stim. GABAb rec. like GHB

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12
Q

ropinirole

A

D2 agonist for restless legs syndrome

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13
Q

scopolamine

A

M1 Ach antagonist for motion sickness

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14
Q

dronabinol

A

THC for chemo N/V

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15
Q

ondansetron

A

5-HT3 antag for chemo N/V

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16
Q

metoclopramide

A

for: N/V, gastroparesis, migraines

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17
Q

phenylephrine

A

alpha1 agonist; for: decongestant, mydriatic, inc. BP, detumescent (abort priapism); tox: HTN, rebound prostatic hyperemia, sz, GI

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18
Q

meperidine

A

narcotic

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19
Q

guaifenesin

A

expectorant, uricosuric; tox: N/V/D, constipation

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20
Q

dextromethorphan

A

anti-tussive; derived from opiate but NOT analgesic or addictive

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21
Q

chlorpheniramine

A

1st gen. antihistamine for allergies; tox: drowsiness, constipation

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22
Q

crohn’s disease

A

tight junction (zonula occludens) permeability w/dec. barrier function

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23
Q

pertussis toxin

A

inh. Gi–> stim. Adenylyl cyclase–> inc. cAMP: dec. chemotaxis and oxidative metabolism; inc. lymphocytes; inc. insulin–> dec. glucose

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24
Q

hypothyroidism

A

dec. energy, impaired concentration, tingling/paresthesias/slow relaxation, constipation, wt gain, apathy, doughy skin, coarse hair

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25
CMV evasion of immune response
dec. MHC I (degraded when secreted into cytosol rather than cell membrane)
26
albuterol
beta2 agonist relaxes smooth m.; Gs is B1, B2, D1, H1, V2--> adenylyl cyclase--> cAMP--> PKA
27
transformation
naked DNA uptake (competent)
28
conjugation
plasmids require cell to cell contact; E. coli
29
asbestos
insulation installer
30
opiate OD
pinpoint pupils, resp. depression, coma, hypotonia
31
glucagon
stim. HSL
32
wedge-shaped density extending anteriorly and inferiorly from the hilum of the right lung
obstruction of RML
33
VSD
holosystolic @ L sternal border; failure of fusion of IV septum w/endocardial cushions
34
ductus venosus
shunts blood from umbilical v. to IVC; becomes ligamentum venosum
35
methoxamine
alpha1 agonist
36
atropine
competitive muscarinic ACh rec. antagonist
37
isoproterenol
beta1 and 2 agonist
38
NE
alpha1> alpha 2> beta1 agonist
39
zolpidem, zaleplon
for insomnia; binds GABAa rec. in SCN
40
ramelteon
for insomnia; binds MT1, 2 rec. in SCN
41
hydroxyzine
1st gen. antihistamine, anxiolytic
42
benzo OD tx:
flumazenil
43
buspirone
anxiolytic; 5-HT1a partial agonist; takes a few weeks to take effect
44
alprazolam
anxiolytic benzo; binds GABAa rec.
45
APML tx complication:
DIC
46
RNA dep. DNA pol.
HIV and HTLV
47
+copper reduction test, -glucose oxidase test
gal-1-p-uridyltransferase def.
48
ratio of O2 consumption:blood flow is lower in kidneys because:
O2 consumption/blood flow is restricted in medulla by tubulovascular anatomy--> urine concentration
49
tricuspid vs mitral being anterior vs posterior
tricuspid = anterior; mitral = posterior
50
sarcoidosis
perihilar granulomatous inflammation
51
why is there swelling/blebbing of cell membranes?
dec. sarcoplasmic ATP--> dec. Na/K pump activity--> inc. Na, H2O in the cell
52
Q fever
coxiella burnetii (similar to rickettsia)
53
leptospirosis
leptospira = spirochete; ocular sx, H/A, fever, myalgia, meningismus
54
leptospirosis w/hemorrhages, renal failure, jaundice
weil's disease
55
lyme disease
borellia burgdorferi = spirochete; rash/flu, carditis/neuro sx, arthritis
56
CF
AR w/high heterozygous frequency in caucasians
57
digoxin
for A-fib, CHF; tox: 3rd deg. complete AV block w/paroxymal tachyarrhythmia (tx: atropine), yellow-green halos
58
sucralfate
forms acid buffer and attaches to proteins on duodenal ulcers
59
ranitidine
H2 blocker for GERD, ulcers
60
steroid induced osteoporosis
inh. osteoblast differentiation (Wnt signaling); enhance bone resorption; inh. GI Ca absorption; inc. urine Ca loss; inh. sex steroids
61
CGG repeats lead to:
methylation--> dec. expression of FMR1 protein--> fragile X
62
wallenberg's syndrome (lateral medulla)
PICA; loss of P/T on contra body and ipsi face
63
gerstmann's syndrome (angular gyrus of L parietal lobe)
1. agraphia, 2. acalculia, 3. can't distinguish L vs R, 4. finger agnosia
64
gerstmann-straussler-scheinker
spongiform encephalopathy
65
dejerine-roussy syndrome (dorsolateral thalamus)
PCA; inc. pain and dec. sensation in face and extremities
66
weber's syndrome (lower midbrain)
paramedian branches of PCA or perforating aa. of basilar bifurcation; oculomotor palsy and contra hemiparesis/hemiplegia
67
exercise in diabetic patient
inc. phosphorylase kinase--> inc. glucose
68
GABAa rec. mutation
dec. postsynaptic Cl influx
69
PaCO2
metabolic CO2 production/ventilation
70
kawasaki's
desquamative skin rash, conjunctivitis
71
lactulose
acidic metabolites trap ammonia in colon
72
competitive antagonist
increases amount of agonist needed for max response
73
non-competitive antagonist
decreases max response no matter the amount of agonist
74
coccidiodomycosis
california fever; arthroconidia spores; dimorphic: mold in soil and spherule in host
75
right CHF
enlarged RA and RV
76
abd cramps, N/V, tach/HTN, rhinorrhea/lacrimation/diaphoresis, piloerection, mydriasis, resting tremor, restless, yawning
heroin withdrawal
77
surgical neck of humerus
axillary nerve (teres minor, deltoid), lateral UE sensation, posterior circumflex humeral a.
78
biker w/erectile dysfunction
damaged blood and nerve supply to erectile tissue
79
+PPD with what cells?
macrophages
80
screening test shoots for high:
sensitivity
81
EDS defect in:
synthesis of fibrillar collagen (NOT fibrillin)
82
inc. estrogen in pregnancy leads to increased:
TBG--> inc. T4 w/low or normal TSH
83
ropinirole
dopamine agonist
84
benztropine
anticholinergic, antihistamine, dopamine reuptake inhibitor
85
baclofen
stim. GABAb rec.
86
bacillus anthracis capsule
polyglutamic acid
87
haemophilus influenzae capsule
polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP)
88
gynecomastia w/dec. energy and erectile dysfunction tx:
testosterone
89
rapid correction of hyponatremia
central pontine myelinolysis; sx: paralysis, dysphagia, dysarthria, LOC
90
alzheimer's tx w/cholinesterase inh. inc. connections b/w:
basal forebrain and neurons in cerebral cortex
91
why mito encode their own tRNA:
use non-standard genetic code
92
inc. phenylalanine, dec. dopamine and serotonin
deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase or tetrahydrobiopterin

NBME (5 decks)

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