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NBME > NBME 12 > Flashcards

NBME 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

superior oblique; lateral rectus innervation

A

SO4, LR6

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2
Q

Vd

A

Vd = amount drug in body/plasma concentration of drug

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3
Q

inc. Vd = more or less diluted

A

more diluted

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4
Q

pancuronium

A

muscle relaxant; non-depolarizing competitive Ach antag

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5
Q

dantrolene

A

binds ryanodine rec. to dec. free intracellular Ca; for: malignant hyperthermia, NMS, spasticity

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6
Q

atracurium

A

muscle relaxant; non-depolarizing; tox: hypotension, reflex tach, bronchospasm

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7
Q

succinylcholine

A

nicotinic Ach agonist; depolarizing neuromusc. blocker; tox: inc. K, malignant hyperthermia, apnea

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8
Q

metencephalon

A

pons, cerebellum, 4th ventricle, CN’s V-VIII (TelDi/Mes/MetMyel)

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9
Q

von gierke’s

A

AR, glucose 6 phosphatase def.; dec. glucose even w/glucagon, inc. ketones/lactic acid/TG/uric acid

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10
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

dec. C3; inc. seg. Neutrophils; inc. IL1 and TNF

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11
Q

decrease spasticity by:

A

activating GABA rec. in muscle spindle afferents

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12
Q

fastest measurable physiologic response via what receptors:

A

ligand-coupled ion channel rec.–> immediate hyperpol/depol

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13
Q

acetazolamide

A

inc. ventilation to prevent resp. alkalosis at high altitudes; tox: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

BPH w/UTI

A

e. faecalis

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15
Q

miconazole resistance

A

mutation of lanosterol C14 demethylase active site

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16
Q

lysogenic phage

A

COBEDS: cholera, O-antigen for salmonella, botulinum, erythrogenic exotoxin for S. pyo, diphtheria, shiga

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17
Q

retroperitoneal

A

SAD PUCKER (except tail of pancreas); PADD secondarily

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18
Q

nicotine

A

inc. dopamine in nucleus accumbens (pleasure center)

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19
Q

hashimoto’s

A

anti-TPO, thyroglobulin, TSH Ab’s

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20
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

dec. rec. on muscle cell membrane

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21
Q

HTN inc. risk for

A

ruptured intracerebral aneurysm

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22
Q

alcoholic cirrhosis w/portal HTN

A

hypersplenism–> petechiae, pancytopenia

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23
Q

beta-thalassemia

A

G–> A stop mutation at 246

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24
Q

fasting for 1 week effect on: F26BP, G6phosphatase, PEPCK, pyruvate kinase

A

glycolysis dec.: F26BP (normally activates PFK1) and pyruvate kinase; gluconeogenesis inc.: G6phosphatase and PEPCK (OAA–> PEP)

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25
hardy weinberg
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1; p + q = 1
26
ARBs
dec. ATII action--> dec. aldosterone--> inc. K
27
cochlear implant electrical signals
auditory nerve endings in cochlea
28
trazodone
SSRI for depression; tox: priapism
29
cyproheptadine
1st gen. antihistamine for hayfever
30
paroxetine
SSRI; also for premature ejaculation
31
reye's
mito dysfunction
32
keratin gel inc. nerve regeneration
schwann cells
33
age-related decreased immune response
change in T cells
34
CA of head of pancreas
dec. duodenal pH
35
silver nitrate/AgNO3
prevents gonorrheae infection
36
serine, threonine, tyrosine, histidine, arginine, lysine
phosphorylation
37
inferior cerebellar peduncle lesion
ipsi lesion of vestibulocochlear nerve function
38
chronic neuropathy--> reinnervation-->
fiber grouping
39
TPN predisposes to:
Candida infection
40
swimmer's itch
schistosoma cercarial dermatitis (snails); tx: mebendazole
41
rash after fever
roseola
42
hilar adenopathy w/9 day rash
measles
43
posterior cervical adenopathy
rubella and EBV
44
congenital rubella
cataracts, deafness, MR, red/blueberry muffin rash (3 day measles)
45
haloperidol
typical antipsychotic; D inverse agonist (binds same rec. w/opposite response)
46
aripiprazole
2nd gen. atypical antipsychotic; partial D agonist
47
copper wiring/bronze sheen
hypertensive retinopathy
48
max flow in RCA during:
early diastole
49
asthma exacerbation
dec. tactile fremitus, inc. pulse, inc. RR, dec. BP
50
inc. AFP w/testicular swelling
non-seminomatous tumor (yolk sac or endodermal sinus)
51
glitazones
TZD's; improve cell response to insulin; stim. PPAR-gamma; tox for Pio/Rosi-glitazones = inc. LDL
52
metformin
biguanide; improve cell response to insulin
53
terbutaline
anti-contraction
54
nitroprusside
vasodilates, dec. TPR/afterload and VR/preload
55
isoproterenol
beta agonist
56
NE
inc. BP and TPR; alpha1/2, beta 1 agonist
57
jansen's metaphyseal chondroplasia
stim. PTHR-1
58
meckel's diverticulum
vitelline duct (omphalomesenteric)
59
S2 split w/inspiration
normal A2-P2
60
S2 split w/expiration
AS, HCM, LBBB, ventricular pacemaker
61
mid-systolic ejection murmur
anemia, pregnancy--> hyperthyroidism
62
classic galactosemia
gal-1-p-uridylyltransferase def.; AR, liver disease--> hyperammonemia, sepsis, cataracts
63
consanguinity
degree of blood relation
64
dubin johnson and rotor syndrome
AR, inc. conj. Bili
65
black liver
dubin johnson
66
crigler-najjar type 1
AR, no glucuronyltransferase--> majorly inc. unconj. Bili
67
gilbert's and crigler-najjar type 2
dec. glucuronyltransferase--> inc. unconj. bili
68
zileuton
blocks 5-lipoxygenase
69
montelukast
blocks LT rec.
70
corticobulbar
brain motor cortex to CN nuclei
71
corticospinal
brain to spinal cord (ipsi side)
72
decussation of pyramidal tract is in:
medulla: above = contra; below = ipsi
73
locus ceruleus
stress/panic
74
inc. cGMP causes:
dec. preload, inc. coronary flow; good for angina
75
ribavirin
guanosine inhibitor for HCV, RSV
76
angiotensinogen produced in:
liver
77
ACE and endothelin produced in:
lung
78
ACE and renin produced in:
kidney
79
aldosterone produced in:
adrenal cortex
80
sympathetic reflex to blood loss:
arterial/venous constriction; inc. HR
81
external validity
extent to which test results can be generalized
82
face validity
subjective
83
Km
1/2 Vmax but 1 enzyme may have greater affinity, so it'd have an inc. slope for Vmax
84
renal compensation for DKA
inc. NH4Cl excretion to inc. HCO3
85
prostatic ca metastasis tx:
continuous leuprolide/GnRH
86
dx of klinefelter's
chromosomal analysis of lymphocytes
87
symphathetic chain lesion at level of lung
preganglionic horner's syndrome
88
sympathetic chain lesion at level of ICA
postganglionic horner's syndrome w/absent anhydrosis or in middle of forehead
89
ehrlichiosis tx:
doxycycline

NBME (5 decks)

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