NCE/Comp Study Guide (from peers) Flashcards
(52 cards)
The helper is to
listen, act ethically, maintain confidentiality, maintain responsibility for the outcome, disregard being liked/disliked by the client
Characteristics of a counseling relationship
Mutual liking, or at least, respect
Purpose of the relationship is the resolution of client’s issues
Sense of teamwork
Safety, trust, honest disclosure from client
Honest feedback
Compensation agreement for the helper
Comprehension that this relationship is confined to sessions only
Can be terminated any time, as contracted
What clients want out of a counseling relationship
Teaching of a technique
Consistent nonverbal communication
Appropriate self-disclosure
Good listening skills
Strength-building
Emphasized client’s understanding and expertise on themself
Counselor was open to criticism
Validation and support
Good first impressions
Humor, when appropriate
Normalization of feelings, when appropriate
Counselor explained the therapy process
Nonjudgmental space
Roadblocks to counseling relationship (“dirty dozen”)
Ordering, directing, commanding → “Do this”, “Stop that”
Warning, admonishing, threatening → “You better do this or else”
Moralizing, preaching, imploring → “I wish you would do this”
Giving advice, suggestions, or solutions → “It would be best if you did this”
Persuading logic, lecturing, arguing → “Do you realize that..?”, “Here’s the right way”
Judging, criticizing, disagreeing, blaming → “You’re not thinking straight”, “That’s a stupid thing to say”
Praising, agreeing, approving → “You have so much potential”
Name-callin, ridiculing, shaming → “You really goofed on that one!”
Interpreting, analyzing, diagnosing → “You’re just jealous”, “What you really need is…”
Reassuring, sympathizing, consoling, supporting → “It’s not that bad”, “Things will get better”
Probing, questioning, interrogating → “Why’d you do that?”, “Who told you to do that?”
Distracting, diverting, kidding → “Think about the positives!”
Active listening
a way of attending and encouraging without intruding on the client’s telling of the story
7 most common nonverbal communications:
Eye contact
Body position → it’s suggested to lean your torso slightly forward, but not your limbs and do not cross your arms or legs
Silence → the social expectation to continue talking might prompt the client to open up more; do not use this when a client is experiencing anxiety or anger or any symptoms of a psychotic disorder
Voice tone → calm, empathetic; can mirror the client’s emotion
Facial expressions and gestures → occasional head nodding and non-distracting hand movements
Physical distance → avoid physical barriers (e.g., desks)
Touching → should be appropriate to the situation, shouldn’t impose a greater level of intimacy than the client can handle, and shouldn’t communicate a negative message
Encouragers:
words that the helper uses to support the client’s courage to confide in them
Door openers
a noncoercive invitation to talk, initiated by the counselor
Open questions
allow more freedom of expression and are seen as more helpful; enhance the therapeutic relationship by not boxing clients in and forcing them to answer
Paraphrase
listen carefully to what the client’s saying and feed it back to them in a condensed, nonjudgmental way; mini version of what the client’s saying; highlights what’s important; not a question
Reflection of feeling
“After that happened, you felt ____ about ____”
Reflection of meaning
“You feel ___ because ___”
Summarizing
help the client make sense of the tangles of thoughts and feelings expressed in session; may include content, major feelings, meaning, issues, themes, future plans
Focusing summaries
intervention that brings the discussion to bear on the major issues/themes, places a spotlight on the client’s responsibility for the problem, and reminds the client of the goals
Signal summaries
in the middle of the session, it tells the client that the counselor has listened to what’s been said and that we can move on to the next topic
Thematic summaries
the counselor has to be able to make connections among the content, emotions, or meanings expressed in many client statements or even over many sessions; pushes clients to an even deeper level of understanding; identification of themes; propose themes tentatively because you want the client to feel comfortable correcting you
Planning summaries
entail a review of the progress, plans, and agreements made during the session; brings a sense of closure
Culturally competent counselors are
actively and consistently trying to understand the worldview of their culturally diverse clients alongside the sociohistorical context where it develops
Multicultural counseling and therapy can be defined as
both a helping role and a process that uses modalities and defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of clients; recognizes client identities to include individual, group, and universal dimensions, advocates the use of universal and culture-specific strategies and roles in the healing process; and balances the importance of individualism and collectivism in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of client and client systems
Culture
consists of everything people have learned to do, believe, value, and enjoy; total of all the ideals, beliefs, skills, tools, customs/traditions, and institutions into which one is born
Individual oppression
microaggressions, subtle sexism, microassault, microinsult, microinvalidation
Microaggressions
the everyday slights, indignities, putdowns, insults, and invalidations that marginalized group members experience in their day-to-day interactions with well-intentioned people who are often unaware they’ve engaged in an offensive and demeaning manner
Subtle sexism
represents an unequal treatment of women that isn’t recognized by many because it’s deemed “normal” and “common”
Microassault
blatant verbal, nonverbal, or environmental attack intended to convey discriminatory and biased sentiments; related to overt racism, sexism, heterosexism, ableism, and religious discrimination; using slurs, requesting not to sit next to someone in particular (e.g., Muslim), deliberately serving disabled patrons last
