NCLEX Review Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Stay with client for 1st ____ min of blood transfusion
A
15
2
Q
Infuse blood within ____ hours
A
4
3
Q
What type blood transfusion reaction manifests in pruritus, respiratory distress,urticaria, and flushing
A
allergic
4
Q
What type of blood transfusion reaction manifests in flank pain, chest pain, fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea
A
hemolytic
5
Q
Erythropoietin is produced in the _________
A
kidneys
6
Q
Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency in _____ usually caused by lack of the intrinsic factor in gastric juice
A
B12
7
Q
Lead poisoning can cause _____________ anemia
A
hemolytic
8
Q
Pain med of choice for sickle cell anemia
A
dilaudid
9
Q
Dilute liquid ________ preparations in juice or water and administer with a plastic straw to avoid staining teeth
A
iron
10
Q
Avoid antacids, coffee, tea, dairy products or whole grain breads for ___ after oral iron administration
A
1 hr
11
Q
Massage after injecting iron. t/f
A
FALSE
12
Q
Change needles between drawing up iron and injecting to prevent staining. t/f
A
TRUE
13
Q
A 45 year old man’s lipid profile results are sent to the nurse practitioner. They are as follows total cholesterol= 287; HDL= 30’ LDL= 165; triglycerides =150. The nurse interprets these results as:
A
Abnormal: the total cholesterol and LDL levels are elevated, and the HDL is too low.
14
Q
Increased fluids and laxatives may be prescribed after a swallow series to increase elimination of ________
A
barium
15
Q
Give clear liquid diet and laxative day before procedure, NPO after midnight, and cleansing enema before a ________________ and _____________
A
barium enema study, colonoscopy
16
Q
Have client lie on ______ side for 1-2 hours after a liver biopsy
A
Right
17
Q
Assess placement of NG tube before each feeding and every ___ hours with continuous feeding
A
4
18
Q
Always refeed residual of NG tube unless it exceeds ____ mL
A
100
19
Q
TPN must be administered through a ___________ for rapid dilution and blood flow
A
central line
20
Q
Maintain __________ technique during TPN dressing changes
A
aseptic
21
Q
Change all TPN tubing and filters every ____ hours
A
24
22
Q
Check blood glucose every __ hours for TPN
A
4
23
Q
Methods to avoid ____________ include eating small frequent meals, avoiding liquids with meals, lying down after meals, and eating high-protein, high-fat, LOW-CARB meals
A
Dumping syndrome
24
Q
Eat a _____ residue diet to prevent diverticulitis and a ____ residue diet to heal it - ALWAYS avoid ______
A
high, low, seeds
25
Ulcerative colitis
Bowel disease effecting large bowel, causing bleeding, pain, weight loss, and severe diarrhea
26
Crohn's Disease
Bowel disease effecting small bowel, causing perianal involvement, fistulas, colicky pain, weight loss, and diarrhea
27
Hepatitis A
Virus transmitted by fecal-oral contact; often seen with contaminated water or shellfish
28
Hepatitis B
Virus transmitted through infected blood or unprotected sex - most common
29
Hepatitis C
Virus transmitted through blood transfusions, IV drug abuse, health care exposure
30
Appropriate immune serum globulin must be administered within ____ days of exposure to Hepatitis viruses
7-Feb
31
cirrhosis diet
This condition requires a high-calorie; low/no protein; low-fat; low-sodium diet
32
medication used to lower blood ammonia levels
lactulose
33
Murphy's sign
Palpation of right subcostal area while client takes a deep breath - extreme pain indicates acute cholecystitis
34
Elevated serum amylase and lipase are seen with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
pancreatitis
35
NPO with NG tube in place and TPN for moderate to severe cases occurs with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
pancreatitis
36
watch for sciatic nerve whene using what site
dorsogluteal
37
Potassium High sources include
bananas, peaches, melons, raisins, dried fruits, black licorice, nuts, salt substitutes, vegetables, and tomato, orange, and grape juices,
38
Which side effect of hydrochlorothiazide, a thizide diuretic should a diabetic patient be monitored for?
Increased hyperglycemia
39
An elderly white man with a long history of asthma has recently ben given a diagnosis of hypertension. Which class of antihypertensive agents should the nurse avoid for this client?
Beta Blockers
40
Your patient is receiving unfractionatedheparin. In addition to the PTT, which laboratory value must be monitored?
Platelets
41
Which drug counteracts heparin?
Protamine sulfate
42
CD4 count less than _______ indicates AIDs
200
43
chronic inflammatory disease involving vascular and connective tissue of multiple organs causing butterfly rash on cheeks and across nose, polyarthralgia, anemia, fever, malaise, weight loss, Raynaud's
Lupus
44
Which birth control method is contraindicated for patients with Lupus?
IUD
45
The shock phase of a burn victim occurs for ___ -\_\_\_\_ hours - this is when massive edema, protein and fluid loss, and increase in potassium occurs
24-48
46
For burn victims, give half of total fluids in first ___ hours
8
47
Sodium High sources include
table salt, processed foods, baking soda, MSG
48
Calcium High sources include
dairy products, sardines, salmon, tofu, soy,and nuts
49
Magnesium High sources include
fruits, peas, nuts, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, spinach, salmon, halibut, black and navy beans
50
Administration of glucose and insulin facilitate entry into cells
Potassium
51
Kayexalate can be given for excess of this electrolyte
Potassium
52
Never give this electrolyte by bolus IV or PO - Must be diluted and infused at no greater than 40 mEq/L
Potassium
53
Use ___ instead of tap water for irrigation or enemas in the presence of hyponatremia
NS
54
In the presence of surplus \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, signs include edema, hypertonicity, dry sticky mucous membranes, elevated temperature, flushed skin, and thirst
Sodium
55
Proportions in body are always inversely related to phosphorus proportions
Calcium
56
May be deficient in hypoparathyroidism or removal of thyroid
Calcium
57
Calcium Deficiency causes
tetany, cramps, tingling, numbness, hyperactive reflexes, cardiac arrhythmias, and Chvostek and Trousseau's signs
58
This vitamin facilitates absorption of calcium
D
59
Deficiency of this can be related to alcoholism
magnesium
60
Do not administer antacids containing ______________ to renal failure patients
magnesium
61
Post-renal biopsy, patient must remain in a _______ position and be on bed rest for ___ hours
supine, 24
62
Antibiotics of choice for UTIs
sulfonamides
63
Type of acute renal failure resulting in inflammation of the kidney's that is thought to be related to strep infection
glomerulonephritis
64
This type of acute renal failure usually occurs in children and has a good prognosis
glomerulonephritis
65
Reduce dietary protein and sodium and increase calories for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
glomerulonephritis
66
acute renal failure Symptoms include
sudden onset of oliguria, edema, elevated BUN, creatinine, potassium, decreased protein and calcium, phosphate, decreased specific gravity, acidosis, heart failure
67
Diet for _________ renal failure is low-protein, low-potassium, low sodium, low phosphate, high-carb,, with vitamin and calcium supplements with fluid restriction
Chronic
68
Never clamp a nephrostomy tube. t/f
TRUE
69
Medications which promote urinary flow
alpha-blockers
70
If fluid intake is encouraged, this usually means at least \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_mL per day
3,000
71
TURP syndrome
Hyponatremia, confusion, brady./tachycardia, hypo/hypertension, N/V, or visual changes resulting from absorption of irrigating fluids through prostate tissue during surgery
72
Urge incotinence
Type of incontinence in which patient cannot hold urine when stimulus to void occurs
73
Functional incotinence
Type of incontinence when the patient cannot physically get to the bathroom or doesn't know to
74
Stress Incotinence
Type of incontinence when pressure such as coughing, straining, or laughing causes urine to escape
75
Decorticate
Abnormal posturing indicated by rigidity, flexion of arms, clenched fists, extended legs
76
Decerebrate
Abnormal body posturing indicated by rigid extension of arms and legs, downward pointing of toes, and backward arching of head
77
\_\_ or less on the Glasgow coma Scale indicates that the patient is in a coma
7
78
After a lumbar puncture, it is correct to position the patient flat for 20-60 minutes. T/F
TRUE
79
The first sign of increased ICP is altered \_\_\_\_\_
LOC
80
Change in LOC, N/V, pupil changes, diplopia, widening pulse pressure, bradycardia, Cheyne-Stokes respirations, and elevated temperature are signs of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
elevated ICP
81
With elevated ICP, keep HOB at \_\_\_-\_\_\_ degrees and head in ________ position
30-45, neutral
82
Opiates and sedatives are contraindicated for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, but ___________ may be used if uncontrolled
elevated ICP, barbituates
83
This med can only be administered with NS and has side effects of ataxia, diplopia, hirsuitism, and gum hypertrophy
Phenytoin
84
medication of choice for status epilepticus
Ativan
85
autonomic dysreflexia
Life threatening syndrome of sudden, severe hypertension in response to noxious stimuli below cord damage such as bowel/bladder distension, pressure ulcers or points, and pain or spasms
86
multiple sclerosis
Chronic, progressive disease of the CNS, characterized by small patches of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord
87
Parkinson's Manifestations include
bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, expressionless fixed gaze, drooling, slurred speech, constipation
88
myasthenia gravis
Disorder affecting neuromuscular transmission of voluntary muscle causing extreme muscular weakness, increased by fatigue
89
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Ascending, reversible paralysis cause by acute inflammatory disease of peripheral nerves
90
presbycusis
progressive disorder associated with aging in which the patient loses the ability to hear sounds at high frequencies
91
presbyopia
farsightedness associated with aging
92
Meniere's Disease
Disorder of the inner ear that causes vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and pressure in the ear due to increased fluid
93
Risk for _________ is an area for concern with patients with Meniere's disease
Falls
94
It is important to take precautions against increasing _______ after a cataract surgery - severe pain should be reported immediately
ICP
95
Patients with glaucoma should avoid all ______________ medications
anticholinergic
96
Infant birth weight doubles by ____ months and triples by ____ months
6, 12
97
The posterior fontanel closes by ___ months
2
98
The anterior fontanel closes by \_\_-\_\_\_ months
18-Dec
99
Age of child in months minus 6 equals number of \_\_\_\_\_\_
teeth
100
Solids can be introduced into an infants diet around \_\_-\_\_\_ months
6-Apr
101
Infant can sit alone by __ months
7,8
102
Infant can pull self to feet by ___ months
9
103
Use a semi-reclining infant car seat that faces rear until ___ lbs
20
104
Forward facing seats for children weighing \_\_-\_\_\_ lbs
40-80
105
Sensorimotor Cognitive stage
12-14 months - objects are cause of action; separation anxiety
106
Preoperational Cognitive stage
2-7 years - egocentric in though and behavior; concrete, tangible thinking; vivid imagination (magical thinking, peak age for fears)
107
Play of the toddler
parallel
108
Play of the Preschooler
cooperative
109
Concrete Cognitive stage
7-11 years - classifies and sorts; enjoys collecting; concrete logic and problem solving; less egocentric; inductive thinking
110
formal operations Cognitive stage
11+ years - abstract thinking; ability to hypothesize
111
Ortalani's sign
Audible click that can be heard with congenital hip dysplasia as the examiner slips the femoral head forward
112
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is used during an acute asthma attack, ________ is used daily for chronic asthma
albuterol, salmeterol
113
Overdose of ________ can cause tinnitus, hyperpyrexia, seizures, bleeding, and hyperventilation
aspirin
114
Overdose of _______ can cause liver necrosis in 2-5 days, N/V, Right upper gastric pain; coagulation abnormalities
tylenol
115
Consumption of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- can cause developmental regression, impaired growth
lead
116
chelation therapy
Treatment for lead poisoning (or other heavy metals)
117
Activated charcoal and gastric lavage are treatment for ______________ and _______________ - do NOT induce emesis
hydrocarbons, corrosives
118
rheumatic fever
Inflammatory disease affecting the heart, joints, and CNS 2-6 weeks after a upper respiratory strep infection
119
Wilm's tumor
renal cancer usually in children around age 3 - Do NOT palpate abdomen
120
nephrotic syndrome
renal disorder in very young children with increased permeability of the glomerular membrane to protein
