NCSF Anatomy

Question 1

Initial abduction (0-30%) of the humerus is caused by the _______ muscle, which also serves to stabilize the shoulder joint

Answer 1

Supraspinatus muscle

Question 2

Increasing the length of the _________ will increase the difficulty of an exercise

Answer 2

Resistance Arm

Question 3

The ______ consists of a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates.

Answer 3

Motor Unit

Question 4

The ______ causes trunk rotation and lateral flexion

Answer 4

External Oblique

Question 5

During an abdominal curl-up, it is important that the pelvis remains tilted _________ during abdominal flexion due to the fact that the abdominals connects to the pelvis, not the femur

Answer 5

Posteriorly

Question 6

The primary muscle(s) trained during the supine pullover exercise include ____________.

Answer 6

Latissimus dorsi and the pectoralis major

Question 7

An anterior pelvic tilt would cause an increased ______ spinal curvature of the lumbar spine

Answer 7

Lordotic

Question 8

During the proper performance of the back squat, the erector spinae is performing a(n) _________ muscle contraction during the downward phase of the movement.

Answer 8

Isometric

Question 9

What is the innermost layer of the abdominal wall and serves as the primary abdominal stabilizer of the spine?

Answer 9

Transverse abdomonis

Question 10

Beyond ______ degrees of abdominal flexion, the ______ muscles are activated and take over the role of the primary mover.

Answer 10

30, Hip Flexor

Question 11

While the prime movers, or agonist muscle groups, concentrically contract, the __________ muscles lengthen.

Answer 11

Antagonist

Question 12

The four muscles that make up the rotator cuff are ________, __________, _________, __________.

Answer 12

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres minor.

Question 13

The ________ is the primary muscle that extends the hip during the squat and modified deadlift.

Answer 13

Gluteus Maximus

Question 14

The _________ serves to externally rotate the humerus.

Answer 14

Teres Minor

Question 15

The _________ is commonly trained using the shrug exercise, but also assists with pulling movements.

Answer 15

Trapezius

Question 16

____________ is an unnatural movement for the shoulder joint that often leads to injury.

Answer 16

Hyperflexion

Question 17

The movement of the bone laterally or away from its natural anatomical position is termed ___________.

Answer 17

Abduction

Question 18

The ______ is best trained when the knee is extended.

Answer 18

Gastrocnemius

Question 19

The ________ is the prime mover in a calf exercise when the knee is flexed, such as in the seated calf raise.

Answer 19

Soleus

Question 20

The prime mover in the upright row is the _______, as the movement is abduction in the frontal plane.

Answer 20

Deltoid.

Question 21

The ________ is the primary muscle group involved in hip flexion.

Answer 21

Iliopsoas.

Question 22

A point of articulation between to or more bones

Answer 22

Joint

Question 23

Consists of two bones that are united by fibrous tissue and exhibit little or no movement

Answer 23

Fibrous Joints

Question 24

Unite two bones by means of either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

Answer 24

Cartilaginous Joints

Question 25

Contains synovial fluid and allows for considerable movement between articulating bones

Answer 25

Synovial Joints

Question 26

A tough, elastic fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, outer ear, and larynx.

Answer 26

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 27

Cartilage that allows for greater movement capabilities due to its flexible nature.

Answer 27

Fibrocartilage

Question 28

The dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones except at the joints and serving as an attachment for muscles and tendons.

Answer 28

Periosteum

Question 29

Tough fibrous bands of connective tissue that supports internal organs and holds bones together properly in joints.

Answer 29

Ligament

Question 30

A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.

Answer 30

Tendon

Question 31

Tiny fluid-filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body

Answer 31

Bursa

Question 32

Thickened connective tissue that envelops a muscle or a group of muscles.

Answer 32

Muscle Fascia

Question 33

Threadlike fibers that make up the contractile part of a striated muscle fiber.

Answer 33

Myofibrils

Question 34

Filaments made up of actin and myosin that are structural units of myofibril.

Answer 34

Myofilaments

Question 35

Contractile protein in muscle cells responsible for the elastic and contractile properties of muscle.

Answer 35

Myosin

Question 36

Protein found within the myofibril that functions with myosin to facilitate muscle contractions.

Answer 36

Actin

Question 37

Transverse cartilaginous plate near the end of a child's bone that is responsible for the lengthening growth of bone.

Answer 37

Epiphyseal plate

Question 38

A reference posture used in anatomical description in which the subject stands erect with feet parallel and arms adducted and supinated, with palms facing forward.

Answer 38

Anatomical Position

Question 39

Movement of the ball of the foot toward the shin

Answer 39

Dorsi flexion

Question 40

Movement at the ankle used to raise the heel from the ground

Answer 40

Plantar flexion

Question 41

Abduction

Answer 41

Movement away from the midline

Question 42

Adduction

Answer 42

Movement toward the midline

Question 43

A plate or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule separating the articular surfaces of the bones

Answer 43

Articular discs

Question 44

A sac enclosing a joint formed by an outer fibrous membrane and an inner synovial membrane

Answer 44

Joint Capsule

Question 45

The median line of the body that dissects the body into right and left halves

Answer 45

Midline

Question 46

Placed before or in front

Answer 46

Anterior

Question 47

Located behind a part or toward the rear of a structure

Answer 47

Posterior

Question 48

Situated or extending away from the median plane of the body.

Answer 48

Lateral

Question 49

To bend; in hinge joints the articulating bones move close together; in ball and socket joints the limb moves anterior from the midaxillary line.

Answer 49

Flexion

Question 50

To bend; in hinge joints the articulating bones move away; in ball and socket joints the limb moves posterior from the midaxillary line.

Answer 50

Extension

Question 51

Unique rotation of the forearm which crosses the radius and the ulna - the palm faces down when the arm is flexed or posterior when the arm is extended.

Answer 51

Pronation

Question 52

Unique rotations of the forearm where the radius and ulna uncross - the palm faces up when the arm is flexed or anterior when the arm is extended

Answer 52

Supination

Question 53

The axial skeleton consists of:

Answer 53

Skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, rib cage

Question 54

What are the three major classifications of joints?

Answer 54

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 55

Give an example of a pivot joint

Answer 55

Neck

Question 56

Give an example of a plane joint

Answer 56

Midcarpel

Question 57

Hinge Joint example:

Answer 57

Knee

Question 58

Condyloid Joint example

Answer 58

Wrist

Question 59

Saddle Joint example

Answer 59

Thumb

Question 60

Ball and Socket Joint example

Answer 60

Shoulder

Question 61

What are the three movement planes?

Answer 61

Sagital, Frontal, Transverse

Question 62

What are the five regions of the spine from top to bottom

Answer 62

1. Cervical 2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar 4. Sacrum 5. Coccyx

Question 63

What upper body muscle causes both shoulder extension and shoulder adduction?

Answer 63

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 64

What muscle is used to initiate the seated row via scapular retraction?

Answer 64

Rhomboids

Question 65

What are the primary hip extensor muscle groups for the following exercises? 1. Squat 2. Romanian deadlift

Answer 65

1. Gluteals | 2. Hamstrings

Question 66

What knee muscle is also a hip flexor?

Answer 66

Rectus femoris