NCSF Exercise Physiology Flashcards
(77 cards)
As a person improves his/her VO2 max, he/she will have a _________ at any given intensity except for max; this is mainly attributed to an increased _____________.
lower heart rate; stroke volume
The volume of blood expelled by the left ventricle per minute is referred to as the heart’s _________.
cardiac output.
Cardiac output x Peripheral vascular resistance = ________.
Blood pressure
Which energy system pathway is used to predominantly fuel maximal activities lasting 2-3 minutes?
Anaerobic metabolism of glucose (glycolysis)
Slow oxidative (Type I) muscle fibers have the ________ diameter and replenish most of their ATP via _________ metabolism.
smallest; aerobic
_________ is the intensity of aerobic exercise during which the production rate of lactate is greater than its clearance rate, leading to a reduction in cellular pH, muscular fatigue and performance inhibition.
Lactate threshold
During maximal, short-term exercise lasting 5-10 seconds such as a 3RM squat, the predominant fuel source is _______.
the ATP-CP system
During muscular contraction, calcium is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to troponin, a protein on actin, which leads to the release of tropomyosin from the actin molecule exposing the __________.
crossbridge binding sites where ATP is split.
Slow-twitch oxidative muscle fibers have more ______, ______, and ________ than fast-twitch glycolytic fibers, making them better suited for endurance activities.
oxidative enzymes, mitochondrial density, and capillary density
After vigorous exercise, a client will continue to burn calories post exercise for an hour or more due to _______.
Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC), which is caused by exercise-induced changes in body temperature, elevated sympathetic neural activity, and metabolic oxygen debt.
During endurance exercise lasting at least 60 minutes, the primary fuel source can be expected to change from a heavy reliance on _______ at the start of exercise to a greater reliance on __________.
carbohydrates; fats
The contractile unit of skeletal muscle is the ______ which contains the tension-producing myofilaments actin and myosin.
sacromere
Skeletal muscle improves oxidative capacity by increasing the number of ______ and _______, allowing for greater oxygen extraction and usage in the muscle cell.
capillaries; mitochondria
The wave of electrical depolarization that travels from the muscle cell membrane down the transverse tubules to initiate a muscle contraction is called the ________.
action potential
_______ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and initiates and affects the magnitude of the contraction.
Calcium
__________ refers to the performance decline associated with reductions in muscle glycogen storage due to localized muscular work.
Peripheral fatigue
Type _____ muscle fibers have the greatest capacity for hypertrophy and power output but are highly fatiguable.
Type IIb (fast twitch glycolytic)
Cellular adaptation to exercise will only occur if there is a _______ beyond that which the cell is accustomed.
new perceived stress
If a client has a measured VO2 max of 35 ml-kg -1 min -1, his /her maximal aerobic capacity expressed in METs would be ________.
10
Central fatigue is associated with depletion of the sugars (carbohydrates) in the ________ and has both metabolic and neural implications on performance.
liver
A thin polarized membrane enclosing a striated muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
A type of involuntary, monoucleated, or uninucleate, striated muscle found exclusively within the heart
Cardiac muscle
A type of muscle contraction in which the resistance is greater than the force applied by the muscle so that the muscle lengthens as it produces force.
Eccentric Contraction
A contraction in which muscle tension is increased, but the muscle is not shortened because the resistance cannot be overcome. There is no change in muscle length or joint angle.
Isometric Contraction
