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Gross Anatomy 6511 > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

C2

A

Greater Occipital N Inferior and lat. to EOP. Penetrates semispinalis capitis. inn:

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2
Q

Occipital A and V location

A

lateral to C2

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3
Q

C3

A

Least/lesser occipital n Lower and just lateral to midline

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4
Q

Muscles of occipital triangle

A

Obliquus capitis superior Obliquus capitits inferior Rectus capitis posterior major

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5
Q

Muscles of occipital triangle region

A

Obliquus capitis superior Obliquus capitits inferior Rectus capitis posterior major Rectus capitis posterior minor

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6
Q

Obliquus capitis superior attachments

A

Inf. Nuchal line and TP C1

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7
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior attachments

A

TP C1 and SP C2

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8
Q

Rectus capitis post. major attachments

A

SP C2 and inferior nuchal line

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9
Q

Rectus capitis post. minor attachments

A

SP C1 and inf. nuchal line

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10
Q

What innvervates muscles of Subocc. Triangle?

A

C1-suboccipital triangle

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11
Q

What can be found in subocc triangle?

A

Vertebral artery

C1 suboccipital n

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12
Q

Boundaries of suboccipital triangle

A

Superomedially: rectus capitis posterior major

Superlaterally: obliquus capitis superior

Inferolaterally: obliquus capitis inferior

Floor: Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and post. arch of C1

Roof: Semispinalis capitis

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13
Q

Suboccipital N OCD

A

Origin: P. rami of spinal nerve C1 Course: B/w cranium and C1 vert to subocc triangle Distribution: mm of suboccipital triangle

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14
Q

Greater Occ N OCD

A

Origin: P. rami of spinal nerve C2 Course: Emerges inf. to obliquus capitis inf. and ascends to post. scalp Distribution: skin over neck and occipital bone

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15
Q

Lesser occ N OCD

A

Origin: A. rami of spinal nerve C2-C3 Course: Passes directly into skin Distribution: Skin of superior posterolateral neck and scalp post. to external ear

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16
Q

Posterior rami of C3-C7 OCD

A

Origin: P. rami of nerves C3-C7 Course: Pass segmentally to muscles and skin Distribution: intrinsic muscles of back and overlying skin (adjacent to vertebral column)

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17
Q

Muscles producing flexion of neck

A

Bilateral action of:

  • Longus colli
  • Scalene
  • Sternocleidomastoid
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18
Q

Structures limiting flexion of neck

A

Ligaments: Posterior atlanto-axial, posterior longitudinal, flavum, tectorial membrane

Posterior neck muscles

Anulus fibrosus (tension posteriorly

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19
Q

Muscles producing extension of the neck

A

Bilateral action of deep neck muscles:

  • Trapezius and levator scapulae
  • Splenius capitis and cervicis
  • Semispinalis capitis and cervicis
  • Iliocostalis cervicis
  • Longissimus capitis
  • Multifidus
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20
Q

Structures limiting extension of neck

A

Ligaments: anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto axial

Anterior neck muscles

Anulus fibrosus (tension anteriorly)

Spinous process (contact between adjacent)

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21
Q

Muscles producing lateral bending of neck

A

Unilateral

  • Scalenes
  • Splenius capitis and cervicis
  • Longissimus capitis and cervicis
  • Iliocostalis cervicis
  • Intertransversarii
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22
Q

Structures limiting lateral bending of neck

A

Ligaments: alar ligament tension limits movement to contralateral side

Anulus fibrosus (tension anteriorly)

Zygapophysial joints

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23
Q

Muscles producing rotation of neck

A

Ipsilateral action of:

  • Semispinalis capitis and cervicis
  • Multifidus
  • Splenius cervicis
  • Rotatores

Contralateral action of:

  • Sternocleidomastoid
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24
Q

Structures limiting rotation of neck

A

Ligaments: alar ligament tension limits movement to ipsilateral side

Anulus fibrosus

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25
Muscles producing flexion of vertebral column at IV joints
Bilateral action of: * Rectus abdominis * Psoas major * (Gravity)
26
Structures limiting flexion of VC at IV joints
Ligaments: * Supraspinous * Interspinous * Flavum Capsules of zygapophysial joint Extensor mm Vertebral bodies IV disc Anulus fibrosus
27
Muscles producing extension of vertebral column at IV joints
Bilateral action of: * Erector spinae * Multifidus * Semispinalis thoracis
28
Structures limiting extension of VC at IV joints
Lig: Anterior longitudinal Capsules of zygapophysial joint Abdominal mm SP IV disc Anulus fibrosis
29
Muscles producing lateral bending of vertebral column at IV joints
Unilateral action of: * Iliocostalis thoracis and lumborum * Longissimus thoracis * Multifidus * External and internal oblique * Quadratus lumborum * Rhomboids * Serratus anterior
30
Structures limiting lateral bending of VC at IV joints
Lig: Contralateral side Contralateral mm that laterally bend trunk Contact b/w iliac crest and thorax IV disc Anulus fibrosus
31
Muscles producing rotation of vertebral column at IV joints
Unilateral action of: * Rotatores * Multifidus * Iliocostalis * Longissimus * Splenius thoracis * External oblique working with opposite internal oblique
32
Structures limiting rotation of VC at IV joints
Ligaments: Costovertebral Ipsilateral external oblique and contralateral internal oblique Articular facets Anulus fibrosus
33
Muscles producing flexion at atlanto-occipital joints
Longus capitis Rectus capitis anterior Ant. fibers of sternocleidomastoid Suprahyoid and infrahyoid mm
34
Muscles producing extension of atlanto-occipital joints
Rectus capitis posterior major and minor Obliquus capitis superior Splenius capitis Longissimus capitis Trapezius
35
Muscles producing lateral bending of atlanto-occipital joints
Sternocleidomastoid Rectus capitis lateralis Longissimus capitis Splenius capitis
36
Superficial intrinsic back muscles
Splenius
37
Intermediate intrinsic back muscles
Erector Spinae: - Iliocostalis - Longissimus - Spinalis
38
Major deep intrinsic back muscles
Transversospinales: - Semispinalis - Multifidus - Rotatores (Longus and Brevis)
39
Minor deep intrinsic back muscles
Intertransversarii Interspinales Levatores costorum
40
Subcutaneous tissue (superficial cervical fascia) of the neck contains?
* Cutaneous nn * Blood and lymph vessels * Superficial lymph nodes * Fat * Platysma
41
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia contains?
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
42
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia is continous with
periosteum
43
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia boundaries
Superiorly: * Superior nuchal line * Mastoid P * Zygomatic arches * inferior border of mandible * Hyoid * SP of cervical V Inferiorly: * Manubrium * clavicle * Acromion * Spine of scapula Anterior and posterior
44
Pretracheal layer boundaries
Only anterior from hyoid to thorax
45
Pretracheal fascia sublayers
Muscular and Visceral
46
Muscular part of pretracheal fascia contains
Infrahyoid mm
47
Visceral part of pretracheal fascia contains
Thyroid Trachea and esophagus
48
Visceral part of pretracheal fascia continous with
Buccopharyngeal fascia and carotid sheath
49
Carotid sheath contains
* Common and internal carotid a * IJV * Vagus N (CN X) * Deep cervical lymph nodes * Carotid sinus N * Symp nerve fibers (carotid perarterial plexuses)
50
Carotid sheath communicates with
mediastinum and cranial cavity | (potential for infection spread)
51
Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia contains
Ant: Longus colli and longus capitis Laterally: scalenes Post: deep cervical mm
52
Prevertebral layer extends from
Cranial base to T3 Then fuses with ant. longitudinal ligament
53
Prevertebral layer extends laterally as
axillary sheath
54
What does axillary sheath surround
axillary vessels and brachial plexus
55
What is retropharyngeal space?
Potential space between buccopharyngeal space and prevertebral fascia (alar fascia) From cranium to T4 Spread of infection
56
What is alar fascia
Extension of prevertebral fascia anteriorly From cranium to T2 (book may say C7)
57
What are the cervical regions
1. SCM region 2. Posterior cervical 3. Lateral cervical 4. Anterior cervical
58
Space b/w heads of SCM is called the
lesser supraclavicular fossa
59
Where is the posterior cervical region?
Posterior to anterior border of trapezius
60
What is spasmodic torticollis
abnormal tonicity of cervical mm ususally in adulthood \*Think collis=neck
61
Boundaries of lateral cervical region
Ant: Post border SCM Post: Ant border trapezius Inf: Middle 1/3 of clavicle b/w SCM and trap Superior: Investing layer of fascia Floor: muscles coverd by prevertebral f Apex: SCM and trap meet on sup. nuchal line
62
Muscles spanning lateral cervical region
1. Splenius capitis 2. Levator scapulae 3. Middle scalene 4. Post scalene
63
Divisions of lateral cervical region
Occipital triangle omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle
64
Occipital triangle contains
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
65
Omoclavicular triangle superior boundary
inferior belly of omohyoid m
66
Omoclavicular triangle contains
Inferior part of EJV (superficially) Subclavian A (deep)
67
How can omoclavicular triangle can be located on surface
Supraclavicular fossa
68
Nerves found in lateral cervical region
CN XI Roots of brachial plexus Suprascapular n Cervical plexus Phrenic N
69
Spinal accessory (CN XI) path
Deep to SCM Runs w/in or deep to investing layer Runs on levator scapulae
70
Roots of brachial plexus rami?
Ant rami C5-C8 and T1
71
Roots of brachial plexus path
Appear b/w ant and middle scalene Five rami unite to form 3 trunks Pass b/w 1st rib and clavicle and sup border of scapula to axilla
72
Suprascapular n path and innervation
From superior trunk of brachial plexus Runs across lateral cervical region to supply supraspinatus and infraspinatus Also glenohumeral joint
73
Cervical plexus rami
Ant rami C1-C4
74
Cervical plexus location
Anteromedially to levator scapulae and middle scalene m Deep to SCM
75
Cervical plexus superficial cutaneous branches
**Ant rami** Lesser occipital N (C2) Great auricular N (C2+C3) Transverse cervical N (C2+C3) Supraclavicular (C3+C4)
76
Lesser occipital N level and innervation
C2 ant rami skin of neck and scalp posterosuperior to auricle
77
Great Auricular N level and innervation
C2+C3 Ant rami Skin over parotid gland, posterior auricle, and skin from angle of mandible to mastoid P
78
Transverse cervical N level and innervation
C2-C3 ant rami Skin over ant cervical region
79
Transverse cervical N path
Curves around middle of SCM posteriorly Passes anterior to SCM and deep to EJV and platysma
80
Supraclavicular nn level and innervation
Ant rami C3 + C4 Skin of neck and skin of shoulder \*Forms common trunk under SCM
81
Deep motor nn of Cervical plexus
Ant. rami Dorsal scapular n (C4-C5) Long thoracic N (C5-C7) Phrenic N (C4)
82
Dorsal scapular n level and innervation
C4-C5 ant rami Rhomboids
83
Long thoracic N level and innervation
C5-C7 ant rami Serratus ant.
84
Phrenic n level and innervation
Ant rami C4 but C3 and C5 do contribute as well Diaphragm and mediastinal pleura and pericardium
85
Phrenic n pathway
Forms at superior border of thyroid cart level at sup part of lateral border of ant scalene Descends across ant scalene; deep to prevertebral level Left: Ant to first part of subclavian a Right: Ant 2nd part of subclavian a Both: post to subclavian v and ant. to internal thoracic a

Gross Anatomy 6511 (2 decks)

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