Neck

Question 1

Heart question! What is left ventricular noncompaction?

Answer 1

left ventricle muscle develops with lots of trebeculations and less smooth myocardium muscle

prevents the patient from being able to pump as much blood

heart failure results

Question 2

hyoid bone

Answer 2

floating bone in neck that does not articulate with other bones

Question 3

what is anterior to hyoid bone?

Answer 3

thyroid cartilage

Question 4

what is the “Adam’s apple”?

Answer 4

laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage at C5 level

Question 5

cricoid cartilage

Answer 5

around C6

inferior to thyroid cartilage

Question 6

tracheal rings

Answer 6

keep airway patent

begin inferior to cricoid cartilage

continue all the way to jugular notch

Question 7

patent meaning

Answer 7

open

Question 8

what is the landmark of the neck?

Answer 8

sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Question 9

what innervates the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 9

cranial nerve 11 - spinal accessory nerve

Question 10

how is the neck split into 2 triangles?

Answer 10

anterior triangle to SCM

posterior triangle to SCM

Question 11

how many muscles are in the posterior triangle? list them superior to inferior

Answer 11

1) splenius capitis
2) levator scapulae
3) middle scalene
4) anterior scalene

Question 12

how many scalene muscles are there?

Answer 12

3

Question 13

what do the scalene function as?

Answer 13

accessory breathing muscles

Question 14

how is the anterior triangle further subdivided?

Answer 14

divided into the submental triangle, submandibular triangle, carotid triangle and muscular triangle

Question 15

omohyoid

Answer 15

a muscle in the anterior triangle of the neck

has a superior and inferior belly

Question 16

diagastric

Answer 16

either elevates the hyoid bone or depresses the mandible

has anterior and posterior bellow

superior hyoid muscle

Question 17

what do superior hyoid muscles do?

Answer 17

either elevate hyoid or depress mandible

Question 18

what are the superior hyoid muscles?

Answer 18

diagastric (anterior + posterior belly)

mylohyoid

stylohyoid

geniohyoid

Question 19

geniohyoid

Answer 19

deep to the mylohyoid

Question 20

how is the mylohyoid broken up?

Answer 20

into right and left part

Question 21

where does the stylohyoid muscle sit?

Answer 21

anterior to the digastric

sits between the two bellies of the digastric muscle

Question 22

what are the inferior hyoid muscles?

Answer 22

sternothyroid

sternohyoid

thyrohyoid

omohyoid (superior and inferior belly)

Question 23

what do we mean by a “belly?”

Answer 23

a bend in the muscles

Question 24

what depresses the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 24

the sternothyroid

an inferior hyoid muscle

Question 25

which muscles often depress the hyoid bone?

Answer 25

the inferior hyoids

Question 26

strap muscles

Answer 26

sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid muscles

Question 27

hyoid muscles are innervated by ...

Answer 27

cranial nerves and cervical plexus

Question 28

How does C1 innervate both the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscle?

Answer 28

goes down cranial nerve 12 (hyoglossal nerve) and then splits into two nerves to innervate both muscles we call this C1 via 12

Question 29

ansa cervicalis

Answer 29

a loop of nerves that innervates the strap muscles additional fibers from C1 follow the hyoglossal nerve (cranial nerve 12) and then diverge again to follow the ansa cervicalis loop (superiorly) C2 and C3 form the inferior part of the loop

Question 30

what do the common carotid arteries bifurcate into?

Answer 30

internal and external carotids

Question 31

where does detection of hypoxia or hypercapnia occur?

Answer 31

group of chemoreceptors posterior to carotid artery bifurcation

Question 32

hypercapnia

Answer 32

too much CO2

Question 33

carotid sinus

Answer 33

on internal carotid artery contains baroreceptors to sense BP

Question 34

what innervates the carotid sinus and carotid body?

Answer 34

the carotid nerve a branch of cranial nerve 9

Question 35

does the internal carotid have any branches?

Answer 35

not in the neck! goes straight into the brain

Question 36

how many branches does the external carotid give off?

Answer 36

8

Question 37

how can you remember the arteries that branch from the external carotid?

Answer 37

Some Little Fat Man Stole Papa's Only Apple

Question 38

maxillary artery

Answer 38

originated behind the mandible 4th branch of external carotid has 17 branches to supply the facial region w blood!

Question 39

superficial temporal artery

Answer 39

just a continuation of the external carotid but technically a branch

Question 40

Some Little Fat Man Stole Papa's Only Apple

Answer 40

S - superior thyroid a L - lingual a F - facial a M - maxillary a S - superficial temporal P - posterior auricular O - occipital A - ascending pharyngeal

Question 41

How do the branches of the external branches ascend?

Answer 41

anteriorly to posteriorly

Question 42

vertebral artery

Answer 42

a branch of the subclavian artery goes through transverse foramen to take blood to the brain

Question 43

thyrocervical trunk

Answer 43

a branch of the subclavian artery has 3 branches (inferior thyroid artery, transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery)

Question 44

costocervical trunk

Answer 44

a branch of subclavian artery 2 branches (supreme intercostal artery and deep cervical artery)

Question 45

where do the veins ultimately drain from head and neck?

Answer 45

through the jugulars

Question 46

what 2 veins form the retromandibular vein?

Answer 46

the superficial temporal and maxillary veins this happens in the CAROTID GLAND

Question 47

after the retromandibular vein forms what happens?

Answer 47

it bifurcates into anterior and posterior portions

Question 48

what happens to anterior retromandibular?

Answer 48

joins with facial vein and then drains into the internal jugular vein

Question 49

what happens to the posterior retromandibular vein?

Answer 49

joins with the posterior auricular vein drains into the external jugular vein

Question 50

what is the external jugular vein external to?

Answer 50

the SCM

Question 51

what has to happen to the external jugular vein?

Answer 51

it drains into subclavian vein which then links with internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

Question 52

accessory nerve

Answer 52

cranial nerve 11 we can see in the neck

Question 53

where is the vagus nerve in the neck?

Answer 53

passes through carotid sheath

Question 54

cranial nerve 10

Answer 54

vagus nerve

Question 55

superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 55

a branch of vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10) splits into internal and external laryngeal nerve

Question 56

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 56

a branch of the vagus nerve we saw the left one at the aortic arch! the right one is at the right subclavian artery

Question 57

what is the carotid sheath?

Answer 57

contains internal and external carotids the vagus nerve is also in the carotid sheath vagus nerve is in the middle of the external and internal carotids