Neck and Back Lecture

Question 1

What is the function of the vertebral column?

Answer 1

Supports the head, houses spinal cord, attachments for muscle

Question 2

Write out the vertebral formula for the dog and cat.

Answer 2

C7
T13
L7
S3
Cd20+/-

Question 3

C1 name?

Answer 3

atlas

Question 4

C2 name?

Answer 4

axis

Question 5

C6 name?

Answer 5

sled runners

Question 6

What structure is unique to the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 6

Costal fovea

Question 6

Alanto-axial joint lies? Type of joint?
Common name?

Answer 6

C1/C2
synovial
no joint

Question 7

C7 name?

Answer 7

transitional vertebra

Question 8

Where does the alanto-occipital joint lie?
Type of joint? Common name?

Answer 8

Skull/C1
Synovial
Yes joint

Question 9

Intervertebral disc joint lies? Formed by?

Answer 9

Btwn adjacent vertebral bodies
Disc btwn vertebral bodies

Question 10

What is the function of the outer annulus fibrosis?

Answer 10

Strength, binds vertebra together

Question 10

Movement of intervertebral disc joints?

Answer 10

Amphiarthrosis- slightly moveable
Discs work together

Question 11

Function of inner nucleus pulposus? Consistency?

Answer 11

Gelatinous, cushioning

Question 11

Two components of disc?

Answer 11

Outer annulus fibrosus
Inner nucleus pulposus

Question 12

Dorsal alanto-axial ligament lies between?

Answer 12

C1 and C2

Question 13

Nuchal ligament range? Color?

Answer 13

caudal spinous process of C2 to T1, YELLOW

Question 14

Nuchal ligament function?

Answer 14

Passive head support

Question 15

What species does not have a nuchal ligament?

Answer 15

Cat

Question 16

Supraspinous ligament range?

Answer 16

T1 to Ca3

Question 17

Supraspinous ligament function?

Answer 17

Prevents separation of spinous processes when flexed

Question 18

Epaxial mm. cover?

Answer 18

Dorsal aspect of vertebrae

Question 19

Hypaxial mm. cover?

Answer 19

Ventral aspect of vertebrae

Question 20

List epaxial m. systems in order of most dorsal to least?

Answer 20

Tranversospinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

Question 21

Cervical hypaxial mm.?

Answer 21

Longus colli, longus capitis

Question 22

Lumbar hypaxial mm.?

Answer 22

Quadratus lumborum, psoas minor, psoas major, iliacus

Question 23

What is hemivertebra? Congenital or acquired?

Answer 23

vertebrae don't form properly

Question 24

What is Spondylosis Deformans? Caused by? Congenital or acquired?

Answer 24

excessive bone growth, bony spurs/sharp edges, caused by instability Acquired

Question 25

What is block vertebra? Congenital or acquired?

Answer 25

vertebra fused together Congenital

Question 26

Landmarks for CSP tap? General location?

Answer 26

1. wings of atlas 2. spinous process of axis 3. external occipital protuberance Alanto-occipital joint

Question 27

What does hypokalemia cause in cats? WHY?

Answer 27

Since no nuchal ligament (no passive support of head), they acquire cervical ventroflexion (dropped head)

Question 28

What is alanto-occipital subluxation? Congenital or acquired? Anatomy of vertebra affected? Can lead to?

Answer 28

joint misalignment BOTH Dens (abnormal or damaged) Spinal cord compression