Neck and back (new book)

Question 1

Care should be taken when ultra sounding the supraspinous ligament as what can happen if you are not on sagittal midline?

Answer 1

You can image the strong aponeurosis of the longissimus muscle which has tendon like appearance

Question 2

Where is the supraspinous ligament larger and more fibrous, cranially or caudally?

Answer 2

Caudally

Question 3

Where does most of the pathology of the thoracolumbar APj occur?

Answer 3

In the last thoracic and cranial lumbar joints. Which are coincidentally the most easily imaged.

Question 4

How do the thoracolumbar APJs change shape as they become arthritic?

Answer 4

They change from the shape of a corner of a box to a more rounded shape as if someone had put a ball on the corner.

Question 5

What is the approach for the US guided injection of the thoracolumbar APJs?

Answer 5

Place the needle very close to midline and direct it vertically downward, being guided by the ultrasound transducer.

Question 6

Which epaxial muscles can be imaged?

Answer 6

Multifidus (axially, by the spinous processes) and longissimus (abaxially)

Question 7

How many compartments does the AO joint have?

Answer 7

2, but in older horses they can communicate.

Question 8

AO sepsis is most commonly caused by which organism?

Answer 8

Rhodococcus equi in foals