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Kinesiology exam two > Neck and Trunk Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Neck and Trunk Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of the vertebral column?

A
  • Base of support for head/internal organs
  • Links UE/LE
  • Provides mobility for trunk
  • Stable base to attach ligaments, bones, and mm of external rib cage/pelvis
  • Protects spinal cord
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2
Q

What are primary curves?

A
  • Thoracic and sacral-coccygeal: convex posteriorly
  • Exist at birth
  • Kyphotic curve
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3
Q

What are secondary curves?

A
  • Cervical and lumbar: concave posteriorly
  • Development help redistribute COG
  • Lordotic curve
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4
Q

What kind of joint is between vertebrae?

A
  • Diarthrodial plane joint (nonaxial gliding motion)

- BUT antlantoaxial is diarthrodial pivot

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5
Q

T or F:

Orientation of the facets determine types of motion that are available in spinal column.

A

TRUE, except cervical region

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6
Q

List the purposes of the intervertebral disc

A
  • Absorb shock

- Act as an axis for turning

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7
Q

What are the two components of the disc?

A
  • Nucleus pulposus: middle section

- Annulus fibrosus: dense ring of fibrocartilagenous fibers that enclose the n.p.

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8
Q

Name the movements of the vertebrae

A
  • Flexion (greatest in cervical and lumbar)
  • Extension
  • Hyperextension: greatest in cervical and lumbar, but limited by frontal orientation of facets
  • Lateral flexion: greatest in cervical area
  • Rotation: slight lateral flexion when rotation occurs below 7th cervical vertebrae
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9
Q

Intervertebral joint

A
  • Join vertebral bodies

- Synarthrodial joints

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10
Q

What movements occur at the cervical region and in what plane(s) are the facets oriented?

A 
-Rotation
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Lateral flexion
-Horizontal and frontal planes
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11
Q

What movements occur at the thoracic region in what plane(s) are the facets oriented?

A

-Lateral flexion
Rotation
-Frontal plane

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12
Q

What movements occur at the lumbar region in what plane(s) are the facets oriented?

A 
-Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Lateral flexion
-Sagittal plane
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13
Q

Describe the lumbosacral joint

A
  • Provides support for entire weight of body
  • Composed of 1st sacral segment, 5th lumbar, interposed disc
  • Built for stability
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14
Q

SI joint

A

Articulation of first 3 sacral vertebras with ilium

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15
Q

Ligaments

A

-Provide stability

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16
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • Runs down spinal column

- Limits extension of back

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17
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • Runs along anterior portion of vertebral canal

- Limits flexion

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18
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A
  • On posterior surface of vertebral canal

- Limits flexion, especially in lumbar region

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19
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A
  • Runs along tips of spinous processes of 7th cervical to sacrum
  • Slightly limits flexion
  • Prevents separation of spinous processes
20
Q

Interspinous ligament

A
  • In between processes
  • Slightly limits flexion
  • Prevents separation of spinous processes
21
Q

Intertransverse ligaments

A
  • Runs from one transverse process to next

- Limit lateral flexion of trunk

22
Q

Describe C1 vertebrae

A
  • Atlas/shaped like a ring
  • Supports head
  • Flexion/extension
  • Pure pivot joint
23
Q

Describe C2 vertebrae

A
  • Axis/has dens
  • Comprised of atlantoaxial joint, atlanto-odontoid joint
  • Transverse ligament allows for rotation
24
Q

C3-C6

A
  • Big discs
  • Provide much stability
  • Allows motion in all directions
25
C7
- Transitional vertebra | - Prominent spinous process
26
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Acting together: prime mover for flexion of head/neck | - Acting alone: prime movies for lateral flexion of head/neck and rotating it to opposite side
27
Scalene muscles
- Together: assist in flexing head | - Alone: prime mover for lateral flexion
28
Splenius capitis/cervicis
Together: Prime movers for extension/hyperextension of head and neck Alone: Prime movers for lateral flexion and rotation to same side
29
Suboccipital group
- 4 muscles | - Together: assists in extension, lateral flexion and rotation of head to same side
30
Deep posterior group(multifidus, interspinalis, rotatores, intertransversarii, levatores costarium)
- These muscles stabilize the spine - Together:(bilaterally) prime movers in extension of head/neck - Unilaterally: prime movers in lateral flexion and rotation to opposite side.
31
Deep posterior group(semispinalis cervicis, capitus, thoracis)
- Bilaterally: prime movers for extension of head/trunk | - Unilaterally: prime movers for lateral flexion and rotation of head to same side
32
Erector spinae
- Acts as brake doing lengthening eccentric contractions during controlled forward flexion - Bilaterally, is prime mover for extension/hyperextension of trunk and head - Unilaterally: prime mover in rotation to same side
33
Preverterbral group(anterior muscles)
Together: assists in flexion of head/neck Unilaterally: assist in lateral flexion of head/neck
34
Which ligament stabilizes the atlantoaxial joint?
Transverse ligament
35
What's the function of the rectus abdominus, external/interal obliques?
-Act together to move thoracic lumbar spine, support trunk, assist with breathing, support abdominal organs
36
What's the linea alba?
Fibrous band that unites xiphoid and pubis
37
Rectus abdominis
- Bilaterally: prime movers for flexion of lumbar/thoracic spine - Unilaterally: assist with lateral flexion
38
External oblique
- Marked activity when straining/bearing down when breath is held (POOPING) - Bilaterally: prime mover for flexion of thoracic and lumbar spine - Unilaterally: prime mover for lateral flexion of trunk and rotation to opposite side
39
Internal oblique
- Most active of all ab muscles in ROTATION - Active when leaning backwards in supine - Bilaterally: flex thoracic/lumbar spine - Unilaterally: prime movers for lateral flexion and rotation to same side
40
Vasalva maneuver
POOOPINGGNGNGNGNGNGNG
41
Quadratus lumborum
- Bilaterally: stabilizes pelvis and lumbar spine | - Unilaterally: prime mover in lateral flexion
42
Iliopsoas
- Strong hip flexor | - Assist with lateral flexion and extension of lumbar spine
43
Semispinalis thoracis
- Together: prime mover for extension of thoracic spine | - Unilaterally: prime mover for lateral flexion and rotation to opposite side of thoracic spine
44
T or F: | Rotation is the freest motion in the thoracic region
TRUE
45
T or F: | Flexion is very slight in thoracic region due to contact of spinous processes.
FALSE. Hyperextension
46
Lumbar pelvic rhythm
Anterior pelvic tilt
47
What happens when you bend over to touch your toes?
- Lumbar flexion | - Anterior pelvic tilt

Kinesiology exam two (7 decks)

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