Neck region

Question 1

Boundaries of Neck region?

Answer 1

Mandible, Superior Nuchal line (posterior), Top of sternum and along clavicle. Spinous process of C7

Question 2

Superior Thoracic aperture opens directly into the

Answer 2

base of the neck

Question 3

Axillary inlet, on each side of the superior thoracic aperture opens to the

Answer 3

upper limb

Question 4

How is it that there are 7 cervical vertebra and 8 cervical spinal nerves?

Answer 4

C1 nerve enters above C1 vertebra and C8 exits below C7

Question 5

What are the typical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 5

C3-C6

Question 6

What are the general characteristics of typical vertebrae?

Answer 6

Small body, large vertebral foramen (often triangular) transverse foramen, Bifid spinous process

Question 7

Atypical cervical vertebrae?

Answer 7

C7, C1, C2

Question 8

What is C7 also called and why?

Answer 8

It is called vertebra prominens because it has a long non bifid spinous process. It also has the smallest transverse

Question 9

What is C1 called?

Answer 9

The atlas

Question 10

What joint does the Atlas make?

Answer 10

atlanto occipital joint

Question 11

Describe the structure of the Atlas

Answer 11

Lacks a body, lacks a spinous process

Question 12

What is the function of the Atlas?

Answer 12

Allows for flexion and extension and some lateral flexion. Anterior and posterior atlanto occipital membranes provide broad support and limit excessive movement

Question 13

What is C2 called

Answer 13

The Axis

Question 14

The AXIS forms the ________ joint with C1

Answer 14

atlantoaxial joint

Question 15

how many articulations does the axis have with the atlas?

Answer 15

three

Question 16

what are the structures of the axis?

Answer 16

has a body
Bifid spinous process
the Dens (odontoid process)

Question 17

what is the function of the axis?

Answer 17

rotation between C1 and C2

Strong ligaments hold it in place

Question 18

Where are the alar ligaments ?

Answer 18

from the side of the dens to the foramen magnum

Question 19

Where is the transverse ligament of C1 and C2

Answer 19

extends between tubercles in medial aspect of C1 vertebra

Question 20

Where is the cruciate ligament at C1 and C2

Answer 20

it is formed by a transverse ligament and its superior and inferior extensions between C2 and C1

Question 21

At what level is the hyoid bone?

Answer 21

C3

Question 22

Does the Hyoid bone have bony articulation?

Answer 22

no it is surrounded by muscles and ligaments, the stylohyoid ligament, and is bound to the thyroid cartilage by thyrohyoid membrane

Question 23

At what level are the laryngeal cartilages? What is their function, how many are there?

Answer 23

C3-C6 level
they guard the air passages and are involved in voice production
there are NINE of them

Question 24

What does the thyroid do and what is it deep to

Answer 24

it produces calcitonin and thyroid hormones, it is deep to the infrahyoid muscles

Question 25

Where does the superior thyoid artery come from?

Answer 25

From the external carotid artery

Question 26

Where does the inferior thyroid artery come from?

Answer 26

from the largest branch of the thyrocervical trunk

Question 27

Attachments of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 27

Lateral superior nuchal line and mastoid process to the: anterior surface of manubrium medial third of the clavicle

Question 28

Sternocleidomastoid innervation?

Answer 28

Motor: Accessory nerve (CNXI) Sensory: C2 and C3

Question 29

Uni and bilateral Action of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 29

Unilateral: lateral flexion to same side, ROTATION to opposite side Bilateral: cervical flexion

Question 30

Attachment of Trapezius?

Answer 30

skul, scapula, clavicle

Question 31

Innervation of Trapezius? mot and sensory

Answer 31

Motor: CN XI Sensory: C2 and C3

Question 32

Attachment and action of Anterior scalene?

Answer 32

Attachment: transverse processes of C4-6 and first rib Action: Flex the neck and elevate first rib

Question 33

Innervation of anterior scalene?

Answer 33

cervical spinal nerves C4-6

Question 34

Attachment and action of middle scalene?

Answer 34

Attachment: transverse processes of C4-6 and first rib Action: flex neck LATERALLY and elevate first rib

Question 35

Posterior scalene action and attachment?

Answer 35

Attachment: transverse processes of C4-6 and SECOND rib Action: lateral flexion, elevate SECOND rib

Question 36

Does the phrenic nerve descend on the anterior posterior or middle scalene?

Answer 36

the anterior scalene

Question 37

List the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 37

omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid

Question 38

Attachment of the Omohyoid? How many bellies does it have?

Answer 38

Superior scapula to the hyoid bone, it has two bellies connected by a tendon, attached to the clavicle by a fascial sling

Question 39

Innervation of omohyoid

Answer 39

C1-C3 or ansa cervicalis

Question 40

Attachment of Sternohyoid?

Answer 40

manubrium and medial clavicle to the hyoid

Question 41

innervation of the sternohyoid?

Answer 41

C1-3 ansa cervicalis

Question 42

Attachment and innervation of the sternothyroid?

Answer 42

Attachment: manubrium to thyroid Innervation: C2-C3 ansa cervicalis

Question 43

Attachment and innervation of Thyrohyoid?

Answer 43

Attachment: Manubrium to thyroid Innervation: C2-C3 ansa cervicalis

Question 44

what else does the thyrohyoid do?

Answer 44

elevates larynx and helps during swallowing and speaking

Question 45

What do all Infrahyoid muscles do?

Answer 45

Depress hyoid during swallowing and speaking

Question 46

List Suprahyoid Muscles

Answer 46

Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Digastric Muscle Stylohyoid

Question 47

Attachment and innervation of the Mylohyoid?

Answer 47

Attachment: Mylohyoid line of the mandible to the hyoid bone Innervation: Nerve to the mylohyoid (CNV3)

Question 48

Attachment and innervation for Geniohyoid?

Answer 48

Attachment: Mental Spine of the mandible to the hyoid Innervation: C1 via hypoglossal nerve

Question 49

Attachment and innervation for anterior digastric?

Answer 49

Anterior belly Attachment: digstric fossa of the mandible to the intermediate tendon Innervation: Nerve to mylohyoid (V3)

Question 50

Attachment and innervation for POSTERIOR digastric?

Answer 50

Posterior Belly Attachment: mastoid notch to the intermediate tendon Innervation: facial nerve VII

Question 51

Attachment and Innervation of the stylohyoid?

Answer 51

Attachment: Styloid process of the temporal bone and the hyoid bone Innervation: Facial nerve VII

Question 52

What do all Suprahyoids do?

Answer 52

Make up a significant portion of the floor of the mouth and provide support, they also elevate the hyoid and larynx