Neck/ Trunk Flashcards
(144 cards)
In which axis does the vertebral column reside?
Longitudinal
What does the vertebral column help to provide?
Upright vertical position of the body
Protects the spinal cord and visceral organs
Provides pivot point for motion and support of the head at the cervical region
Establishes a link b/t the upper and lower extremities
Organizes column segments in an effective formation to provide shock absorption from force transmission placed upon the body
Transmits weight of head, shoulder girdle, UE and trunk through the vertebral column to pelvis
Provides stable base for attachments of bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles of extremities, pelvis and rib cage
How does the vertebral column present?
Multi-jointed rod structure
Motions occur due to combine motions of individual vertebrae (provides movement as a unit but each segment has specific motions)
How many vertebral segments are there? How many are found in each segment?
33 Cervical =7 Thoracic= 12 Lumbar = 5 Sacral= 5 Coccygeal = 4
Which vertebra does tucking your chin involve?
Flexing on C1
Extending C2-C7
*referred to axial extension or cervical retraction
What is a facet joint?
Articulation b/t the superior articular process of the vertebra below w/ the inferior articular process of the vertebra above
In what plane/ axis does flexion/ext/hyperextension occur?
Sagittal plane
Frontal axis
In what plane/ axis does lateral bending occur?
Frontal plane
Sagittal axis
In what plane/ axis does rotation occur?
Transverse plane
Vertical axis
What motions occur at the Atlanto-occipital joint?
Flex/ext
Minimal lateral bending
No rotation
What structures make up the Atlanto-occipital joint?
C1 and Head
C1 and C2 make up what joint?
Atlantoaxial joint
Which vertebra are concave ANTERIORLY and convex POSTERIORLY? What type of curve does this provide?
Thoracic and Sacrococcygeal
Kyphosis
Which vertebra are convex ANTERIORLY and concave POSTERIORLY? What type of curve does this provide?
Cervical and Lumbar
Lordosis
What is the negative consequence of the natural spinal curve?
the existence of shear forces
What are the areas of transition in the axial skeleton?
C6,7- T1
T10-T12
L5-S1
By how much does the curve of the spine increase its strength?
Up to 10 times
How many intervertebral discs are there?
Where do they begin?
23
B/t C2 & C3
What is the function of the intervertebral discs?
To absorb and transmit shock and maintain flexibility of the vertebral column
What % of the length of the vertebral column do the discs comprise?
25%
Where does the line of gravity pass through the axial skeleton
Passes through the mastoid process > anterior to the 2nd sacral vertebra > posterior to the hip > anterior to the knee and ankle
Which structures located on the vertebrae dictate movement of the spine?
Facets
What types of bone make up the vertebrae?
Trabeculae (resists compressive forces)
Cortical (shell that reinforces the vertebral body)
Where is the Dens located? What does it allow for?
C2
Bone protrusion that allows articulation w/ the atlas (C1) to produce head rotation