NEED To KNOW Only Block 2 Flashcards by Demetré Harris

NTK about Coccidiomycosis

Most common in Arizona

S/s: acute pneumonia
-cought, pluertic chest pain, fatigue, Headache
Fever, chills, nightsweats, arthalgias, Hilar/mediastinal lymphadenpathy, ERYTHEMA multifomre/ nodosum

High rate in immunocoomp pts as well as FILIPINOS and PREGNANT

DOC is Fluconazole
If severe: Amphotericin B

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NTK Histoplasmosis

Common among bats, caves, chickens and bird droppings
Grows in the soil
Increased Rsk in smokers

(Rarely an epedimic)

S/s: flulike, hilar/ medistinal lymapdenotpathy
Low grade fever, wt loss, anemia
Leukopenia, and thrombocytopnia common

Tx: Usually self limiting
If hypoxic or last longer than 1 month
-Itraconazome or Amphotericin B

If HIV: Itraconazole (life long) )

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NTK Cryptococcosis

Assoc with pigeon poop
Op infx in immuno comp
More common in men with a CD4 count below 200

S/s: CNS involvemnt with papules, pustules, ulcers, and sinuses

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NTK Candidiasis

THRUSH

Always think HIV in a young adult
Immuno comp op infx

S/s thick vaginal D/c
Pregnant or DM
Post ABX tx

Tx: single dose flucanazole

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NTK C.dif

Post ABX Tx, Nosocomial Diarhrea

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NTK Norovirus

Cruise ship outbreaks!

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NTK yersinia enteroicolitica

Assoc with raw or undercooked pork 
Last 1-3 wks 
Acute onset of pain in the RLQ 
Psuedo appendicitis 
Assoc with poly arth

Tx: supportive with DOC- cipro

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NTK Bacillus Cereus

Fried Rice Syndrome
Last 30min -15 hrs
Tx is Supportive Care
(Can use cipro or TMXSMP)

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NTK C. Jejuni

Can be fecal oral or Food borne Transmission
(CHICKENS) (Sick pets) (Unpast milk)

S/s; 10+ watery bloody stools a day

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NTK Salmonellosis

Sources: reptiles, birds, eggs, poulty, frogs

S/s; non bloody N/V/D
Mild abd cramping
Cholera like poops +tenesmus
12-36 post exposure

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NTK Shigellosis

Sigella Toxin 
ACUTE BLOODY DIARHEA 
PASSAGE OF MUCUS 
\+fever 
1-3 days post exposure

Tx: cipro, avoid narcs

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NTK Travelers Diarhea

Tx: ciprofloxcain

Or Azithromycin

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NTK Cholera

PAINLESS, watery rice water stools with fishy odor
NO FEVER

Tx: Supportive rehydration
Doxy or azithro can be used to shorten course

Prevention 10day prophylaxis

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NTK Listeria monocytogenes

Pregnancy equals 25 % rsk of fetal loss
Hipanic women 24X more likey
Immunocomp op infx

Sources: dairy, cold cuts, hot dogs, cheeses, icecream, raw fruit, deli meats

S/s: fever, myalgias, arthralgias, back pain , head ache

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NTK botulism

Canned food and Honey in peds

S/s: diploplia, facial wkness, dysphagia

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NTK dengue fever

VEry high fever 105.8 or higher 
Headcahe, RETROORBITAL pain 
Truncal rash 
Sever joint pains and muscle pains 
Small bleedin of gums nose and teeth

Test: TQ test: > 10 petechia per sq inch ( 5 minutes)

NTK yellow fever

BLACK WATER VOMIT
+jaundice, N/bilious vomiting
Conjuctical injections (yellow)
+ leukopenia/ thrombocytopenia

Tx; Supportive, Central line, FFP

NTK ebola/ marbung

Sever Headache, phayngitis, arthlagias, myalgias
+maculopapular rash
Followed by GI s/s N/V/D

NTK lassa fever

Fever + wkness
Facial and neck EDEMA

Severe for pregnant women and offsrping

Deafness common

LFTs: Ast higher than alt

NTK Hantavirus

HFRS
Occurs in the far east

Triad: fever, bleeding, and renal insufficiency

Source: rodents

Mild s/s in children under 15

NTK crimean congo fever

Carried by ticks and assoc with livestock

S/s Massive ecchymosis, nosebleeds, hepatomegaly, substanial mucosal and GI bleeding , starts out like the flu

Tx: ribavirin

NTK TB

50% death rate if untreated

High rsk groups: Forighners, low income, racial, elderly, long term care, IV drug users, occupation

Highest risk is HIV groups 7-10% increase per year

TB think HIV, HIV think TB

S/s: productive cough, fevr, wt loss, hemoptysis, anorexia, fatigue, nightsweats

PPD then CXR

LArger than 5cm for: HIV, transplants, long term steroid use, abn CXR

LArger than 10: DM, malignancies, IV drug use and HIV neg, CKD, 10mm in the past 2 years, children under 4 with Tb exposure

Larger than 15 for everyone else

Tx: LTBI- INH x 9 months + pyridoxine
Alt: rifamipin

NTK Nec Fasc

Tx: Imipenem

NTK strep throat

Group A beta hem strep ( Pyrogens)

Tonsilitis with exudate

Tx : PCN G (IM in no compliant)
Alt: clinda

NTK rheumatic fever

Prevention: early and correct Tx of strep throat 2-3 weeks post infx Effects mitral valve most ``` Major criterai (jones) Joint pain , Carditis, Erythmeam marginatusm, subq nodules Syndeham chorse, ``` MInor criteria: fever, pr interval, elevated ESR, CRP

NTK scarlet fever

Fever (low grade) Chills, Headache Vomiting ,Pharyngitis, Tongue dorsum with a white exudate , Projecting edematous papillae SAND PAPER like skin Tx: PCN or erthyro

NTK SSS

Fever, ttp, sandpaper like skin, Nikolskys sign (skin seperates with gentle stoking)

NTK TSS

N/V/D, Flulike, fever >102 AMS, Soft tissue Infx, chills, myalgia Desquamation 1-2 wks post illness involves palms and soles, HOTN SBP less than 90 Traid: Sudden onset fever, Rash, HOTN +Thrombocytopenia

NTK Group B strep

Tx: PCN G 40 % death rate if untreated S/s Peripartum fever UTI, pneumonia, endocardiatis ect

NTK MRSA

Can be Tx outpt with lessions are less than 5 cm Tx: TMXSMP, Docy, or clinda Inpt: Vanc

NTK Tetanus

Spores from the soil, dust, animal waste Vegative active form S/s generlized tetanus, local, cephalic, or neonatal Lockjaw, muscle cramps, SZR, severe pain Ts: Diazapam (SZR) Immunoglobins and metronidazole

NTK measles

Droplet contact Fever, coryza, cough, +KOPLIK spots (spots on the buccal mucosa) Characteristic red blotch rash that starts on the face, then the truck, and arms 3-7 days. Leukopenia is very common Assoc with a Vit A deficiency

NTK EBV/ Mono

Fever, sore throat, splenomegaly “Kissing dz” Chills, malase, fatigue, prolonged recovery +jaundice, abnml AST, lymphocytosis greater than 50%

NTK Mumps

Fever, with parotid swelling, dyspahgia, and malaise | +orchitis/ oophortis

NTK polio

Infx occurs in the Gi tract Spreads to the regional lymp Flaccid parralysis With 90% infx being subacute S/s FVR, asymetric paralysis, flaccid with intact sensory

NTK Varicella

Occurs in the axilla or diaper area Septic complications in ped, common cause of death Can cause pneumonia Tx: acyclovir Over 50? = shingrix Consider VZIG with 96 hours post exposure

NTK erythema infectiosum

Its PARPVIRUS B aka 5th dz | 5-15 yr old pts common

NTK Zika virus

Causes microcephaly and Guillain Barre syndrome Focal macular pigment mottling, chorioretinal atrophy, Congential glaucoma w/ optic nerve hypoplasia, with optic disc abnormalities