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VIROLOGY 🤢 > Negative sense RNA > Flashcards

Negative sense RNA Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Large, pleomorphic, spherical, enveloped, single-stranded, segmented and negative-sense RNA

A

Orthomyxoviridae

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2
Q

Orthomyxoviridae MOT

A

Respiratory droplets

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3
Q

Orthomyxoviridae envelope is covered with two different types of spikes:

A

Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase

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4
Q

bind to cell surface receptors

A

Hemagglutinin

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5
Q

Facilitate the release of mature virions from infected cells

A

Neuraminidase

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6
Q

Worldwide epidemics or pandemics

A

Influenza A

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7
Q

Major outbreaks of influenza does not cause pandemic

A

Influenza B

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8
Q

Mild respiratory tract infection, does not cause outbreaks of influenza

A

Influenza C

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9
Q

Major changes based on reassortment of segments of genome RNA

A

Antigenic shift/ Pandemic

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10
Q

Sudden change in the molecular structure of a microorganism new strain little to no acquired immunity to these novel strains leading to new epidemic or pandemic

A

Antigenic shift

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11
Q

Minor changes based on mutations in the genome RNA

A

Antigenic drift

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12
Q

Slow and progressive change in the composition of microorganisms altered immunological responses and susceptibility

A

Antigenic drift

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13
Q

Influenza or poor Incubation period:

A

1-4 days

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14
Q

Fever, nonproductive cough, sore throat, rhinitis,
headache, malaise and myalgia

A

Influenza

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15
Q

Complications: fatal bacterial superinfections (S.
aureus and S. pneumoniae) and Reye’s syndrome

A

Influenza

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16
Q

Treatment and prevention of Influenza virus

A

Oseltamivir (DOC)
Zanamivir
Amantadine
Rimantadine
Vaccine (both influenza A and B)

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17
Q

Other names for measles virus

A

Red measles, rubeola, “first disease”

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18
Q

Measles virus morphology

A

Enveloped, helical, non segmented, ss negative RNA

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19
Q

Measles virus incubation period

A

10-14 days

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20
Q

Period of infection for measles

A

4 days before and after rash

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21
Q

General features of measles rash

A

Kopliks spots

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22
Q

Complications: otitis media, giant cell pneumonia, SSPE, bronchiolitis oblierans

A

Measles

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23
Q

Cardinal signs of measles

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A

Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis

24
Q

Diagnosis for measles

Study These Flashcards
A

Multi-nucleated giant cells or WARTHIN FINKELDAY BODIES

25
Prevention and treatment for Measles
● Vitamin A supplementation ● Measles vaccine ● MMR vaccine ● Post exposure prophylaxis
26
Mumps morphology
Enveloped, ss RNA, helical non segmented
27
Mumps MOT
Respiratory droplets
28
Mumps pathogenesis
URT then spread through the blood and infects the: ● Parotid glands > Parotitis ● Testes > Orchitis ● Ovaries ● Meninges > Aseptic Meningitis ● Pancreas > Pancreatitis
29
Mumps prevention
MMR virus
30
Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2 morphology
Enveloped, ss negative RNA (helical symmetry; non-segmented)
31
Parainfluenza MOT
Respiratory droplets
32
Parainfluenza SPECTRUM OF DISEASE
Laryngotracheobronchitis or croup (“Steeple sign” on X-ray)
33
Parainfluenza treatment
Racemic epinephrine
34
Bullet-shaped, enveloped helical non-segmented (-ssRNA)
Rabies virus
35
Rabies MOT
Animal (dogs, cat, skunks, racoons and bat - Via animal bite (retrograde transport)
36
Diagnosis for rabies virus
Negri bodies and imunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT)
37
Treatment and prevention for rabies virus
Pre-exposure: Vaccine (PVRV or PDEV or PCEV - D0, D7, and D21/28) Post-exposure: Vaccine +/- Immunoglobulin
38
WHO guidelines for post exposure prophylaxis Touching or feeding animals, licks on intact skin
Category I no treatment
39
M i n o r s c r a t c h e s o r a b r a s i o n s w i t h o u t b l e e d i n g or licks o n b r o k e n skin a n d nibbling of u n c o v e r e d s k i n
Category II vaccine
40
Single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches; contamination of mucous m e m b r a n e s with saliva from licks; exposure to bat bites/scratches All C a t e g o r y 2 e x p o s u r e s o n h e a d a n d n e c k a r e a s
Category III vaccine plus immunoglobulin
41
Rabies virus incubation period
2 weeks to 6 years
42
Rabies virus prodrome
Nonspecific symptoms of fever, headache, sore throat, fatigue, nausea
43
First rabies symptoms
Pain, itchiness and paresthesia
44
- Phobic spasms : hydrophobia, aerophobia - Associated with heightened aggression and agitation
Encephalitic / Furious Rabies
45
Paralytic / Dumb Rabies
Associated with lethargy and paralysis
46
Filoviridae
Ebola virus
47
Ebola virus morphology
Enveloped, helical, non-segmented ssRNA
48
Ebola transmission
Direct contact, fomites, infected bats or primates
49
Ebola natural host
Fruit bat in Pteropodidae family family
50
- Targets endothelial cells, phagocytes, hepatocytes - Incubation period: 2-21 days - Abrupt onset of flu-like symptoms, diarrhea/vomiting, high fever, myalgia - Can progress to DIC, diffuse hemorrhage, shock - High mortality rate (100%)
Ebola virus
51
Ebola diagnosis
ELISA, Antigen Test, RT-PCR
52
Ebola treatment
Supportive care and isolation
53
Formerly known as Bunyaviridae
Hantaviridae
54
Hantavirus morphology
Large, spherical or pleomorphic, enveloped, single-stranded, segmented RNA
55
Exposure (inhalation) to aerosolized rodent excreta
Hantavirus
56
NAAT from serum, whole blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or tissue, serologic-assays for_____-specific IgM or IgG antibody
Hantavirus
57
Hantavirus treatment
Currently there is no vaccine for hantavirus, and therapeutics are only in experimental stages

VIROLOGY 🤢 (3 decks)

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