Nelson Pathology Flashcards
(45 cards)
Define aphthous ulcers
Canker sore!
Common, superficial mucosal ulceration
Arises in relation to stress
Often reoccurs
What is a mucosal fibroma?
Reactive proliferation of squamous mucosa and underlying subepithelial fibrous tissue
Typically secondary to chronic irriation
What is pyogenic granuloma?
Polypoid red lesion
lobular reactive proliferation of capillaries (eruptive hemangioma)
Pyogenic granulomas are common in what populations?
Gingiva in children, young adults, and pregnant women
What is glossitis?
Inflammation of the tongue
“red beefy tongue”
What causes the red appearance in glossitis?
Atrophy of the papillae of the tongue and thinning of the mucosa
What is geographic tongue?
“map like” appearance of tongue
Due to focal loss of the papillae with formation of smooth red patches
Intraepithelial neutrophilic inflammation is present
Describe the appearance of hairy leukoplakia and its clinical significance
White patches of “fluffy” hyperkeratosis on the lateral sides of the tongue
May be the first presenting sign of HIV!
How do you distinguish hairy leukoplakia from thrush?
Hairy leukoplakia CANNOT be scraped off!!!
Leukoplakia appearance and clinical significance
White patch or plaque in the oral cavity that cannot be scarped off and cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease
Erythroplakia appearance and clinical significance
Red, velvety patch in oral cavity that may be flat or slightly eroded
Typical in adults, associated with tobacco
High incidence of precancerous dysplasia
Actinic cheilits appearance and clinical significance
Leukoplakic lesion of lower lip with loss of distinct demarction between the lower lip vermilion border and the skin of the lip
Define squamous papilloma
Exophytic papillary proliferation of squamous mucosa with fibrovascular core
*can undergo malignant transformation to in-situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma
What are the key risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?
Smoking
Drinking
Oncogenic HPV
What is the most common site of metastases for oral cavity and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma?
Local- cervical neck lymph nodes
Distant- mediastinal lymph nodes
What is often the first presenting sign of squamous cell carcinoma?
Enlarged cervical neck lymph node!
Why are inverted sinonasal papillomas more likely to recur than other sinonasal papillomas?
Inverted sinonsasal papilloma recurrence is due to its inverted growth pattern
What is Xerostomia? Causes?
Dry mouth due to decrease in saliva production
Causes: Sjogren’s Syndrome, radiation therapy, medication side effect
What is sialadenitis? Causes?
Inflammation of the salivary glands
Causes include trauma, infection, autoimmmune disease
What is a sialolithiasis?
Stone in the salivary duct
*can lead to obstruction and secondary bacterial infection
Describe a mucocele. What can cause it?
Results from blockage or trauma to a minor salivary gland, with leakage of content into surrounding connective tissue stroma
Fluid filled mucosal nodule with inflammation
What is LESA? Causes?
Autoimmune disease involving salivary glands
50% have Sjogren’s syndrome, can be associated with HIV
Describe key clinical features and microscopic appearance of pleomorphic adenoma
Benign tumor
Tumor is a mix of epithelial cells with a mesenchymal matrix of myxoid, hayline and chondroid tissue
Painless, discrete masses, well circumscribed that have small extensions/protrusions
Describe key clinical features and microscopic appearance of Warthin tumor
Benign tumor
Encapsulated- papillary, cystic lesion with a dual layer of bland epithelium
8 times greater risk in smokers
Almost always in parotid gland
