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NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (6) Special Populations > Neonatal Emergencies > Flashcards

Neonatal Emergencies Flashcards

Explore the Neonatal patient and the prehospital emergencies that exist

1
Q

Define

Newborn

A

An infant for the first few hours after birth

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2
Q

Define

Neonate

A

An infant, within the first 30 days of birth

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3
Q

What are the first steps to Neonatal care?

A
  • Warm
  • Dry
  • Stimulate
  • Suction
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4
Q

Do you suction the mouth or nose first in a neonate?

A

Mouth first - it decreases the risk of aspiration, but suctioning the nose first.

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5
Q

How does a fetus receive oxygen in utero?

A

Placenta

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6
Q

What is considered preterm?

A

< 37 weeks

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7
Q

What is considered a “Term” baby?

A

38-42 weeks

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8
Q

Fill in the blank

If a newborn has adequate airway, breathing and circulation, he/she can be placed on _____

A

Mom’s chest

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9
Q

What should you do as soon as the newborn’s head is delivered?

A

Suction mouth, then nose

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10
Q

After delivery, where should you keep the newborn to clamp the cord?

A

Head slightly below the body and at level with mom

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11
Q

How do you ensure thermoregulation after delivery?

A
  • Prewarmed Towels
  • Radiant Warmer
  • Drying body and head
  • Cover with dry towel
  • Cover the head with a cap
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12
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A

Appearance - skin color

Pulse rate

Grimace - irritability

Activity - muscle tone

Respiratory- effort (cry)

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13
Q

When should an APGAR score be recorded?

A

1 minute & 5 minutes after birth

(If < 7 Q5minutes)

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14
Q

Review

Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm

A
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15
Q

What is target HR for Neonate?

A

>100bpm

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16
Q

What sized BVM mask should be used during PPV of a neonate?

A

Newborn Mask

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17
Q

What are common PIP and PEEP pressures used during PPV?

A

PIP 25

PEEP 5

18
Q

You have been resuscitating your newborn properly for 60 seconds

The HR reveals 80bpm, what do you do?

A

Ensure correct ventilation

19
Q

How can you stimulate the newborn?

A
  • Suctioning the nose (after mouth)
  • Flick the soles of feet
  • Rub the back
20
Q

What is the Vt (Tidal Volume) of a newborn?

A

3-6ml/kg

21
Q

What rate of ventilations do you provide to a newborn?

A

40-60/min

22
Q

It has been 90 seconds with proper resuscitation, however the newborn’s HR is 58, what do you do?

A

Begin chest compressions

23
Q

How many veins and arteries does the umbilicus have?

A

2 Arteries, 1 Vein

24
Q

What is the dose of Epinephrine for bradycardia in a newborn?

A

1 : 10,000:.01 - .03mg/kg (.1 - .3ml/kg)

Always follow administration by a .5 - 1ml Normal Saline flush

25
Q

What is the dose for a fluid bolus in a newborn?

A

10ml/kg

Normal Saline, LR, Blood

26
Q

What is the dose of Narcan for suspected drug-addicted mother and floppy newborn?

A

.1mg/kg IV/IM

27
Q

What BGL is considered hypoglycemic in a newborn?

A

< 40 mg/dL

28
Q

Treatment

Newborn Hypoglycemia

A

D10

2ml/kg

29
Q

What is the location for Needle Decompression in newborn?

A

2nd Intercostal Midclavicular

22G butterfly needle

30
Q

What is

Diaphragmatic Hernia

A

A rupture of abdominal contents through the diaphragm into the chest

Increases intrathoracic pressure and decreases lung functional capacity

31
Q

Why are premature newborns at a higher risk of respiratory difficulties?

A

Surfactant Deficiency

32
Q

Treatment

Seizures in newborns

A
  • PROPER ASSESSMENT
  • Check BGL
  • Consult Med Control for medications
33
Q

What is

Pulmonary Stenosis

A

Damaged pulmonic valve

Causes JVD, cyanosis, RVH

34
Q

If the Foramen Ovale is unable to close after birth, what happens?

A

Deoxygenated blood is able to shift right or left and mix with oxygenated blood

35
Q

What is a Ventricular Septal Defect?

A

The LV forces blood back into the RV

Causes pulmonary hypertension

36
Q

What is

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A

Connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta

If it fails to close, blood bypasses the RV and lungs due to lungs being filled with fluid

37
Q

What is

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

A

Underdevelopment of the LEFT side of the heart

Causes the left side of the heart to be unable to keep up with circulation needs of the newborn

38
Q

What is

Tricuspid Artresia

A

Absense of the Tricuspid Valve

Causes an undersized or absent RV

39
Q

What is

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

4 Heart Defects

  1. Ventricular Septal Defect
  2. Pulmonary Stenosis
  3. Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
  4. Overriding Aorta
40
Q

What is

Transposition of the Great Arteries

A

The aorta and pulmonary artery are switched

EMT-P (6) Special Populations (5 decks)

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