Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NREMT® Paramedic > EMT-P (6) Special Populations > Obstetrical Emergencies > Flashcards

Obstetrical Emergencies Flashcards

Explore the Obstetrical patient and the prehospital emergencies that exist (90 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

List down the female reproductive organs.

A
  • Ovaries
  • Fallopian tubes
  • Vagina
  • Uterus
  • Mammary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fill in the blank.

Each follicle contains an ____.

A

oocyte (egg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define:

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

(FSH)

A

Stimulates growth of the ovaries before it releases an egg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define:

Luteinizing Hormone

A

Stimulates the process of ovulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fill in the blank.

The release of an egg is called a(n) ____.

A

ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the uterus and placenta produce at the end of pregnancy?

A

Prostaglandins

It signals the uterus to contract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are fallopian tubes?

A

Tubes that the ovum passes through.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fill in the blank.

A muscular organ that lies between the urinary bladder and the rectum is called the ______.

A

uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pH inside the vaginal cavity?

A

low

It helps rid the vaginal cavity of invaders, such as sperm and bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define:

episiotomy

A

Incision of the perineum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what week of pregnancy does the heart beat?

A

Third week after conception.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At what week of pregnancy does the placenta begin to form?

A

At fourth week it becomes more fully formed and functional.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the placenta?

A
  • Respiratory gas exchange.
  • Transport nutrients.
  • Excretion of waste.
  • Transfer of heat.
  • Hormone production
  • A barrier is formed.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many veins and arteries are in the umbilical cord?

A
  • two arteries
  • single vein

Remember: ___V___ ← The “V” touches once and has two branches above it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does the blood flow in the umbilical vein?

A

It carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the blood flow in umbilical arteries?

A

It carries arteriovenous blood to the placenta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does a baby receive oxygen while still in the utero?

A

Through the placenta.

Blood bypasses the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of the amniotic fluid?

A

It provides a weightless environment.

Approximately 1L of fluid in the utero.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens during the 4th-8th week of embryonic development?

A

Development phase - major organs and body systems start to form.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where can I find key Brainscape advice on how to pass the NREMT Paramedic exam and overcome common test prep challenges?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fill in the blank.

The normal gestational period is around ____ weeks.

A

38

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the purpose of measuring the fundus?

A

It helps to estimate the gestational age and monitor the progress of the pregnancy.

Length in centimeters = weeks in gestation.
E.g. 28cm = 28 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What hormone causes GI tract relaxation and constipation in women during pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define:

linea nigra

A

Dark line of pigment down the middle of the stomach of a pregnant patient.

This is normal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How much does pregnancy **increase blood volume**?
40 - 50%
26
# Define: gravidity
The number of times a person has been **pregnant**.
27
# Define: para
The number of **live births**.
28
How much do **white blood cells** increase during pregnancy?
300%
29
How does the **anatomical position** of the **heart** change during pregnancy?
Displaced **upward** and to the **left**.
30
1. How does the blood pressure change during the **12th** week of pregnancy? 2. What happens to the **BP** after the 36th week?
1. Decreases at **5-10 mmHg** 2. Increases
31
# Define: Lithotomy position
Laying in **supine** with the **knees spread apart**.
32
How does the **diaphragm** change **anatomically** during pregnancy?
It **moves up** to 1 - 1.5''.
33
# Define: postpartum
after delivery
34
What is the **function** of the hormone **relaxin**?
It **relaxes** the tissue, joints, and ligaments to prepare for birth. ## Footnote Relaxin - relaxes
35
# Define: Primigravida
first pregnancy
36
# Define: Primipara
single delivery/birth
37
# Define: Multigravida
two or more pregnancies
38
# Define: Multipara
two or more deliveries/birth
39
# Define: Nullipara
never delivered
40
Where can I **watch a video** or **listen to a podcast** of these NREMT Paramedic questions?
[Brainscape's NREMT Exam Prep YouTube playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoiOU0g-fkbvkFtf8ocp4HhE1Jcl3P1xO) [Brainscape's NREMT Exam Prep Podcast](https://www.buzzsprout.com/2387872) | Rate this card a five if you don't need to see it again.
41
What are the **signs/symptoms** of **true labor**?
* Regularly spaced contractions. * Shortening intervals between contractions. * Increasing intensity. * Analgesics are ineffective. * Progressive cervical dilation.
42
What are the **signs/symptoms** of **imminent delivery**?
* multiple pregnancies/deliveries * crowning
43
# Define: Supine Hypotensive Syndrome
Laying in supine **compresses the inferior vena cava** and causes hypotension. ## Footnote Treatment: Left lateral positioning.
44
What is **pregnancy-induced hypertension**?
It **develops after the 20th week** of gestation and patient is typically normotensive.
45
# Define: preeclampsia
* peripheral edema * hypertension * proteinuria
46
# Define: eclampsia
**Seizure activity** from hypertension.
47
What is considered **hypertension** in pregnancy?
A **systolic** of _160-180 mmHg_ and a **diastolic** of _105 mmHg_.
48
# Treatment: obstetrical seizures
* Administer magnesium sulfate. * Consider benzodiazepines (cross placental barrier). * Supplement oxygen.
49
Name typical causes of **respiratory disorders** during pregnancy
* **dyspnea** - due to physical changes. * **asthma** - typically occurs during the first pregnancy. * **pneumonia**
50
# Define: Hyperemesis Gravidarum
**Chronic nausea/vomiting** during pregnancy.
51
# Treatment: Hyperemesis Gravidarum
1. 100% oxygen NRB 2. Fluid bolus of 250ml 3. Diphenhydramine 10-50mg IV/IM 4. BGL 5. Orthostatic vitals
52
How much does **urine output increase** during pregnancy?
25 - 50%
53
# Define: Rh Sensitization
It can **produce maternal antibody isoimmunization** and the fetus can be *attacked* by the mother's immune system. ## Footnote Fetus is **Rh+**, mom is **Rh-**
54
How can **HIV** be contracted by the fetus if the mother is HIV**+**?
* breastfeeding * during pregnancy * delivery
55
What is **TORCH syndrome**?
* **T**oxoplasmosis * **O**ther Agents * **R**ubella * **C**ytomegalovirus * **H**erpes simplex ## Footnote Infections that can occur in the fetus due to agents passed by the mom.
56
What causes **toxoplasmosis** in a fetus?
**Parasites** from contaminated food that the mom ingested.
57
What is **rubella?**
viral infection ## Footnote Otherwise known as the "German measles."
58
What are the complications of a fetus contracting **cytomegalovirus**?
Encounter problems with **lungs, blood, liver and nutrition**. ## Footnote Apart of herpesvirus.
59
# Define: abortion
Expulsion of fetus at **< 20 weeks**.
60
# Define: threatened abortion
Abortion trying to take place characterized by **bleeding**.
61
# Define: imminent abortion
**Spontaneous abortion** that can not be prevented.
62
# Define: incomplete abortion
Some parts of the fetus are **left inside** the mother's utero.
63
# Define: complete abortion
When **all parts** have been cleared.
64
# Define: ectopic pregnancy
Fertilized ovum becomes implanted other than in the uterus, typically in the fallopian tubes. ## Footnote Women of reproductive age with abdominal pain and risk factors should consider ectopic pregnancy.
65
# Define: placental abruption
**Early separation of placenta** from uterine wall. ## Footnote The most common cause is due to hypertension.
66
# Assessment: placental abruption
* vaginal bleeding * bright red blood * pain
67
# Define: placenta previa
**Placenta is placed in the uterine canal** and may try to exit before the baby.
68
# Assessment: placenta previa
* dark blood * painless bleeding * Cullen's/Grey Turner's sign
69
# Treatment: placenta previa
* Position in the left lateral recumbent. * 100% oxygen via NRB at 15L per minute. * IV fluids * Place loose trauma pads over vagina to manage bleeding.
70
# Describe: **First stage** of labor
**Onset of contractions** and end when the cervix is **fully dilated**.
71
# Describe: **Second stage** of labor
Begins with **crowning** and ends with **delivery** of the baby.
72
# Describe: **Third stage** of labor
**Placenta is cleared** from the uterus.
73
List the common **birthing positions**.
* standing birth * Semi-Fowlers position * kneeling birth * side-lying position
74
How do you assist with the **delivery of the placenta**?
* Explain to bear down with following contractions. * Place placenta in plastic bag. * Examine for tears and apply pressure with pads.
75
# Treatment: postpartum hemorrhage
* fundal massage * pitocin
76
What is a **magnesium sulfate**?
Smooth muscle relaxer
77
What is a **calcium chloride/gluconate**?
Increases contractility ## Footnote Antidote for Magnesium Sulfate toxicity.
78
What is **Terbutaline** and what is its use?
* **tocolytic**: smooth muscle relaxer * **used for preterm labor**: in attempt to slow down labor
79
# Dose and Mechanism of action. oxytocin
* It **causes uterine contraction** to shunt bleeding. * 3-10 units IM
80
# Define: Preterm Labor
Labor between **20-37th week** gestation.
81
# Define: Post-term Labor
Delivery **after 42 weeks**.
82
What is an **amniotic fluid embolism**?
**Amniotic fluid** enters the woman's _pulmonary_ and _circulatory system_.
83
# Define: hydraminos
**Too much** amniotic fluid.
84
# Define: Cephalopelvic Disproportion
Baby with **large head**.
85
What is **cephalon presentation**?
Baby is positioned **face first**.
86
What is **breech presentation**? ## Footnote Describe **management** for delivery.
Baby is positioned to be delivered **buttocks or feet first** instead of head first. ## Footnote _Management:_ * Flex knees _(McRoberts Manuever)_. * Give gentle traction to deliver legs. * Let legs hang for gravity to assist in delivery. * Support body and head.
87
What is **shoulder dystocia**? ## Footnote Describe **management** for delivery.
The baby's **shoulders get stuck** inside the mother's pelvis during delivery. ## Footnote _Management:_ * McRoberts maneuver * Apply suprapubic pressure * Corkscrew Maneuver
88
# Treatment: nuchal cord
* Slip finger and remove cord over fetus head. * Cut if too tight.
89
# Treatment: prolapsed umbilical cord
* **Push**: presenting part back into vagina until no longer presses on cord. * **Cover**: exposed portion of cord with dressings moistened in saline.
90
# Define: pregnant trauma
If trauma occurs and the **mother is bleeding**, blood will shunt from the fetus and be used for the mother. When signs of shock are present, fetal mortality is between **70 - 80%**. ## Footnote The normal fetal heart rate is 120–180 bpm. If transported supine, elevate the right hip to 6 inches. If a recumbant position is not necessary, elevate the backboard underneath.

EMT-P (6) Special Populations (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions