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NM PCM I > Neonate > Flashcards

Neonate Flashcards

1
Q

Full term gestation

A

38-42 weeks (40 is normal)

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2
Q

Pre-term gestation

A

Before end of 37 week

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3
Q

Postterm gestation

A

Anytime after 42 weeks

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4
Q

Normal birth weight

A

5.5-9.5 pounds

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5
Q

AGA

A

Appropriate for gestational age (between 10th and 90th percentile)

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6
Q

SGA

A

Smaller for gestational age (below 10th percentile)

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7
Q

LGA

A

Large for gestational age (above 90th percentile)

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8
Q

LBW

A

Low birth weight (less than 2500g or 5 lbs, 8oz)

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9
Q

VLBW

A

Very low birth weight (less than 1500 g or 3lbs, 5oz)

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10
Q

ELBW

A

Extra low birth weight (less than 1000g or 2lbs, 3oz)

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11
Q

Typical pattern for baby weight

A

Lose 5-7% of body weight after birth then will gain 4-8 ounces per week. At 6 months they should be double the birth weight and at one year they should be 2.5 to 3 times birth weight

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12
Q

Normocephaly

A

13.5 inches

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13
Q

Microcephaly

A

Below the 10th percentile

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14
Q

Macrocephaly

A

Above 90th percentile

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15
Q

Failure to thrive

A

Babies weight falls below the 3rd percentile

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16
Q

Amino acid disorders

A

Body unable to breakdown proteins and they build up in the body. This can lead to mental retardation and other problems

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17
Q

Fatty acid disorders

A

Interfere with turning fats into energy. Can cause seizures, poor breathing, problems with blood sugar, heart and muscle function

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18
Q

Organic acid disorders

A

Interferes with ability to remove certain waste products from the blood

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19
Q

Galactosemia

A

Can’t break down galactose

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20
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Autosomal recessive disorder that causes abnormal RBC’s which can lead to clots. It affects the spleen so most patients are immunocompromised.

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21
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Autosomal recessive disorder where the body produces excessive thick mucous that clogs lungs and creates an environment for infection

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22
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Increase in bilirubin because of a high turnover rate of RBCs or immature liver. Can also occur if Rh- mother has Rh+ child

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23
Q

What does APGAR stand for?

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace 
Activity 
Respiration
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24
Q

When is the Apgar taken?

A

1 minute and 5 minutes after birth (7-10 is a good score)

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25
Infant respiratory rate
30-50 breaths/min
26
Infant heart rate
100-160 beats/min
27
Cradle cap
Scaly patches on scalp
28
Hemangiomas
Many capillaries in one area (blister-like)
29
Milia
Milk rash that is caused from distended sebaceous glands
30
Stork bites
Red patches caused from accumulation of blood vessels
31
Erb's palsy
C5,C6 | Waiter's tip position
32
Klumpke's palsy
C8,T1 | Claw hand
33
Signs of developmental dyplasia of the hip
Unequal crease in thigh | Difference in knee height (shorter knee is one affected)
34
Ortolani Test
Reduce dislocated hip | Flex hips to 90, abduct hips, and pull up on greater trochanter
35
Barlow test
Flex knees, adduct hip, and load through the knees
36
Club foot
Talipes equinovarus | Foot is adducted and plantar flexed
37
Stage I
Deep sleep, eyes closed, no movement
38
Stage II
Light sleep, eyes shut
39
Stage III
Just starting to wake up
40
Stage IV
Awake, but not moving too much
41
Stage V
Wide awake, kicking, and looking around
42
How to check passive tone
Heel to ear Popliteal angle - flex hip to 90 and try to extend knee (normal is 90-100) Scarf sign - take arm across neck (should meet resistance at midline)
43
How to evaluate active muscle tone
Ability to adjust to a new position Pull to sit Spontaneous movement
44
Hip ROM at birth
Flexion contracture of 30 degrees Lateral rotation is greater than medial rotation Coxa valga - max 150 degrees Antetorsion exceeds 25 degrees
45
Knee ROM at birth
``` flexion contracture 30 degrees Genu varum (bowlegs) ```
46
Talocrural ROM at brith
Dorsiflexion 70 degrees
47
Vertebral column at birth
Concave anteriorly
48
How does development proceed?
Cephalocaudal (head to toe) and proximal to distal | Gross motor movements develop before fine motor movements
49
Primitive Reflexes
Brain-stem mediated, complex movements that begin at 25 weeks gestation and are fully present at birth. They become more difficult to elicit as the CNS matures and cortical inhibition takes over
50
Dynamic Systems Theory
Motor tasks emerge from many subsystems which can be influenced by physical and environmental factors
51
Neuronal Group Selection Theory
Neuronal groups (collection of strongly interconnected neurons) that are used more get stronger and the ones that aren't used disappear. Neuronal groups can be affected by behavior and experience
52
Central pattern generator
Neural networks that can produce rhythmic patterned outputs without rhythmic sensory or central input
53
3 requirements for neuronal group selection
Basic repertoire of movement Availability of sensory info to identify and select adaptive forms of movement Means to strengthen the preferred movement response
54
Skinner behavioral theory
Behavior is influenced by the environment. Use positive and negative reinforcement
55
Piagets 4 stages
Sensorimotor Pre-operational Concrete operations Formal operations
56
Sensorimotor
Birth to 2 years Learns through sensory and motor experiences Discoveries by trial and error Repetition is important
57
Pre-operational
``` 2-6 years Starts to use symbols Development of language Egocentric Influenced by fantasy ```
58
Concrete Operations
7-11 years Ability to classify objects according to characteristics Can solve concrete problems
59
Formal Operations
12 years to adult Can deal with hypothetical and real life situations Can think in abstract terms
60
Hitching
Scoot butt while seated
61
Bunny hopping
Bring both LE up at same time in quadraped
62
Bear standing
upper and lower extremity extended and trunk off floor
63
5 major attributes of normal walking
``` Stability in stance Sufficient foot clearance in swing Appropriate prepositioning of foot for initial contact Adequate step length Energy conservation ```
64
Attributes of standing posture
Wide base of support Hips are abducted, flexed, and slight ER Tibiofemoral varus, mild internal tibial torsion Heels are everted
65
When does running begin?
6-7 months after child begins to walk
66
Weight at 1 year
Triples birth weight and then gains 1/2 pound a month
67
Weight at 2 years
Quadruples birth weight and then gains about 4-5 pounds a year
68
Weight at 9-10 years
Increased weight gain as puberty approaches, often about 10 pounds per year
69
Height at 2-3 years
Grows about 3 1/2 inches a year most children will double their birth height by 3-4 years of age
70
Height at 3 years to puberty
Grows about 2 inches a year
71
Type I growth plate fracture
Fracture line extends through physis
72
Type II growth plate fracture
Fracture line extends through physis and exits through metaphysic
73
Type III growth plate fracture
Fracture line extends from joint surface through epiphysis and across physis reulting in a part of the epiphysis being displaced
74
Type IV growth plate fracture
Fracture line extends from joint surface through epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis
75
Type V growth plate fracture
Crush type injury due to compressive forces
76
Galloping
First asymmetric gait mode. Seen 9-12 months after walking
77
Hopping
One footed; Develops to age 5
78
Skipping
Develops between 4-7 years old
79
When do girls begin adolescent growth spurt?
9-14 y.o
80
When do boys begin adolescent growth spurt?
11-16 y.o.
81
Tanner's staging boys
Pubic hair Penis Scrotum
82
Tanner's staging girls
Pubic hair | Breasts
83
Three components of examination
Patient/client history Relevant systems review Tests and measures
84
3 purposes of assessment
Evaluative - compare old and new results Predictive - using predictive tools Discriminative - compared to other kids
85
Construct validity
How well does your test (instrument) represent the trait being studied (number of pushups performed for strength)
86
Content validity
How well does your sample represent the population
87
Concurrent validity
How well does the test correlate with another well known test to measure the same trait
88
Predictive validity
Performance on the test predicts a beahvior
89
Norm referenced tests
Compares individual performance against group. Maximizes differences among individuals
90
Criterion referenced
Compares performance against standard | Discriminates between successive performances of one individual
91
Z score mean and standard deviation
0 and 1
92
T score mean and standard deviation
50 and 10
93
Standard Error of Measurement
Reliability of the response if a test were given a number of times simultaneously The more reliable the test, the smaller the error of measurement
94
BOT 2 Motor Test
Norm referenced for ages 4-21 years
95
2 motor tests developed by PTs
AIMS and TIMP
96
TIMP Motor Test
34 weeks gestation to 4 months

NM PCM I (6 decks)

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