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Paediatrics > Neonatology > Flashcards

Neonatology Flashcards

1
Q

Calories in breast milk

A

67kcal/ 100ml

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2
Q

Time to introduce solids

A

after 17wks

no later than 26 wks

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3
Q

Whole pasteurised cow’s milk

A

from 1 year

full fat until 5 yrs

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4
Q

How does phototherapy work

A

converts unconjugated bilirubin into harmless water soluble pigment
excreted in urine

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5
Q

Late onset (>48 hrs) infection cause

A

staphylococcus epidermidis

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6
Q

Late onset neonatal infection management

A

flucloxacillin and gentamicin

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7
Q

Rubella infection features

A

sensori neural deafness
cong. cataracts
cong. heart disease (PDA)
glaucoma

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8
Q

Taxoplasmosis features

A

congenital calcification
chorioretinitis
hondrocephalus

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9
Q

Cytomegalovirus features

A

growth retardation

purpuric skin lesion

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10
Q

Define caput succedaneum

A

beyond the margins of the sutures

resolves within few days

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11
Q

Cephalheamatoma

A

bleeding within the periosteum
confined within suture margins
resolves over few weeks

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12
Q

Newborn screening

A 
Cystic fibrosis 
Congenital hypothyroidism 
Haemoglobinopathies 
6 inborn errors of metabolism 
-Phenalketouria, PKU 
-Medium chain anyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, MCAD
-Glutaric acuduria type 1, GA1
-Isovaleric academia 
-Homocystinuria 
-Maple syrup disease
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13
Q

When is newborn blood spot screening performed

A

day 5-7

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14
Q

Phenylketouria

A

learning difficulties
seizures
microcephaly

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15
Q

MCAD: Medium chain acetyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

A

rapidly progressive encephalopathy
collapse after prolonger fast
-> non-ketotic hypoglycaemia

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16
Q

Glutaric acuduria type 1

A

macrocephaly w/ encelopathic crisis at 6-18 m

-> dystonic-dyskinetic movement disorder

17
Q

Isovaleric academia

A

metabolic acadaemia +/- hyperammonaemia

18
Q

Homocystinuria

A 
marfanoid appearance 
learning difficulties 
lens dislocation 
osteoporosis 
thromboembolism
19
Q

Maple syrup urine disease

A

progressive encephalopathy

20
Q

Prematurity definition

A

<37 wks

21
Q

very preterm define

A

28 to 32 wks

22
Q

extremely preterm define

A

<28 wks

23
Q

management of apnoea, bradycardia and desaturations in premature babies

A

caffeine

CPAP

24
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome cause and pathophysiology

A

surfactant deficiency
reduced surface tension
widespread alveolar collapse
inadequate gas exhange

25
Q

Neonatal RDS prophylaxis

A

antenatal glucocorticoids

stimulate surfactant production

26
Q

Neonatal RDS clinical features

A 
at delivery or within 48hrs 
tachypnoea >60 
chest wall recessions 
nasal flaring 
expiratory grunting (creates positive airway pressure) 
cyanosis
27
Q

Neonatal RDS CXR finidings

A

diffuse frantumar or ground glass appearance
air bronchograms
indistinct heart boarder

28
Q

Preterm brain injury pathophysiology

A

periventricular and intraventricular haemorrhages are common in preterm babies
ischaemia with re-perfusion injury
free radical injury
-> increased arterial flow (hypoxia, hypercapnia, HTN)
-> reduced venous flow (heart failure)
=> increased gradient across the wall of capilaries
—> vessel rupture

29
Q

Define periventricular leukomalacia, PVL

A

white matter brain injury following heamorrhage

  • > flare on USS
  • > risk of spastic diplegia
30
Q

Which babies are screened for retinopathy?

A

<1500g birthweight
<32 wks gestation
-> weekly ophthalmology review

31
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis

A

bacterial invasion of ischaemic bowel wall

32
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis clinical features

A 
feeds not tolerated 
milk aspirated from stomach 
vomiting 
distented abdo 
\+/- fresh blood in stools
33
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis Xray

A

dilated bowel loops
thumb printing
transmural gas
+/- gas in portal tract and pneumoperitoneum

34
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis Rx

A

parental nutrition
broad spec abx
repair perforations

Paediatrics (9 decks)

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