Resp Flashcards by Diana Kluczna

Pharyngitis causes

adenovirus
enterovirus
rhinovirus
GABHS (older)

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Tonsilitis causes

GABHS

EBV

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Tonsilitis GABHS can result in..

scarlet fever

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Tonsilitis EBH can result in….

infectious mononucleosis

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Scarlet fever characteristics

GABHS (+ve chains)
sandpaper like rash
strawberry tongue
flushed cheeks with perioral sparing

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Infectious mononucleosis characteristics

EBV 
monospot test 
membranous exudate 
splenomegaly 
maculopapular exanthema

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Tonsilitis abx and when

CENTOR 3+

Phenoxymethylpenicilin 10d/ erythromycin

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Sinusitis is uncommon in which sinus in children and why

frontal

not developed until late childhood

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Acute otitis media TM appearance

bright red
bulging
loss of normal light reflection

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Acute otitis media cause

RSV 
rhinovirus 
pneumococcus 
H. influenza 
Maraxella

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Acute otitis media Rx

analgesia

delayed abx prescription (amoxicillin)

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Recurrent ottis media results in:

Effusion

Glue ear

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Glue ear management

self limiting
grommets (ventilation tubes)
adeneidectomy

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Stridor causes

Croup
acute epiglottis
foreign body

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Croup characteristics

laryngotracheal infection
6m- 6hrs
barking cough
stridor

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Croup cause

parainfluenza virus

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Croup Rx

oral dexamethasone/prednisolone / neb bedenoside
if severe
neb adrenaline

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Acute epiglottis cause

HiB

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Acute epiglottis characteristics

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drooling 
stirifor 
dysphagia 
toxic-looking 
minimal cough

Acute epiglottis Rx

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ENT, anaesthetic, pads input
incubation in controlled environment
Blood cultures + Abx
Rifampicin prophylaxis

Wheeze causes

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bronchiolitis 
asthma 
viral wheeze 
atypical pneumonia 
foreign body 
anaphylaxis

? Asthma investigations

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skin prick testing for common atophy 
CXR- r/o other causes 
PEFR 
Spirometry 
- 12%+ response to bronchodilators

Asthma in children management

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SABA / +ICS / +LRTA
switch to LABA if no improvement
MART

Acute asthma: life threatening characteristics

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Cyanosis (central)
Hypotension, arrhythmia 
Exhaustion
Silent chest 
Tachy- cardia &amp; -pnoea

PERF <33%
altered consciousness

Acute asthma management

``` SABA x 10 / nebuliser salbutamol (2.5mg <8yrs) oral prednisone 1-2mg/kg (max 40mg) -> IV hydrocortisone if severe +/- ipratropium, IV B2 agonist/aminophyline/mg ```

Bronchiolitis cause

RSV

Bronchiolitis characteristics

wheeze chesty sounding -> end-ins creps apnoea (complication) displaced liver

Bronchiolitis management

o2 if required fluids NG/IV if required ventilation NIV w/ CPAP infection measures

Bronchiolitis complication

``` apnoea bronchiolitis obliterates (permanent damange, submucosal fibrosis) ```

Respiratory distress in newborn

``` transient tachypnoea in newborn (c-section) meconium aspiration pneumonia pneumothorax milk aspiration persistent pulmonary hon of the newborn diaphragmatic hernia ```

Pneumonia cause infants

RSV S.pneumonia H.influenza

Pneumonia cause in newborn

group B strep | gram -ve enterococci and bacilli

Pneumonia cause in 5ys +

mycoplasma pneumonia strep. pneumonia chlamydia pneumonia

Pneumonia abx no recessions

mild LRTI | PO amoxicillin +/- erythromycin

Pneumonia abx recessions +/- cyanosis

Moderate/severe LRTI IV cefuroxime +/- PO clarithromycin

Common pneumonia complication in children

parapneumonic effusion (1/3)

Whooping cough cause

Pertussis (Bordatella pertussis)

Whooping cough characteristics

catarrhal phase paroxysmal phase- inspiratory whoop, worse at night, may cause vomiting +/- epistaxis/ subconjunctival haemorrhages- up to 3m convalescent phase

Whooping cough Rx

macrolide- erythromycin macrolide prophylaxis for close contacts immunisations

Whooping cough Ix

``` culture paranasal swab or PCR marked lymphocytosis (>15) on FBC ```

CF: infancy features

``` failure to thrive meconium ileus neonatal jaundice recurrent chest infections malabsorption ```

CF: childhood features

``` nasal polyps bronchiectasis rectal prolapse allergic bronchopulmonary aspergiliosis pneumothorax recurrent haemoptysis ```

CF: adolescence features

``` psychological problems aspergilliosis pneumothrorax cirrhosis portal HTN distal intestitial obstruction male sterility ```

CF: mutation

1 in 25 Caucasians are carriers Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cAMP-reg Na/CL channel) delta F508- most common

CF screening

``` newborns- heel prick immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) -> common mutations -> sweat test w/ pilocarpine chloride >60 ```

CF spirometry pattern

obstructive reduced FVC increased lung volumes

Resp Flashcards

(46 cards)