Neoplasia

Question 1

occurs when a group of cells becomes free of normal growth control mechanisms, grows without regard for the normal structural and functional aspects of a tissue or an organ and excessive growth becomes autonomous

Answer 1

neoplasia

Question 2

neoplasia literally means?

Answer 2

new growth

Question 3

called as tissue growth

Answer 3

neoplasm

Question 4

an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissues, and persist in the same excessive manner after cessation
of the stimulusthat evoked the
change.

Answer 4

neoplasm

Question 5

three important features of neoplasm;

Answer 5

• it is an excessive tissue growth
• it lacks responsiveness to
control mechanisms
• it lacks continued dependence
on the stimulus that initiated it

Question 6

abnormal mass of tissue due to an increase in the number of constituent cells

Answer 6

hyperplasia

Question 7

retrogressive change that is reversible and is responsive to growth control
mechanisms

Answer 7

hyperplasia

Question 8

is a form of pathological hyperplasia

Answer 8

neoplasia

Question 9

where thought to be a malady of a
mysterious cause

Answer 9

neoplasm

Question 10

the external appearance of which seemed to be being eaten away by small crabs. This observation led to the naming of the condition as?

Answer 10

cancer

Question 11

the term cancer has been associated with?

Answer 11

malignant neoplasm

Question 12

is a tissue swelling or mass that may or may not be neoplasm

Answer 12

tumor

Question 13

Common usage of the word tumor, however, comes to mean?

Answer 13

neoplasm

Question 14

is the study of neoplasia

Answer 14

oncology

Question 15

this word oncology is the basis of?

Answer 15

oncogenesis and oncogenic

Question 16

relate to the induction of neoplasia

Answer 16

oncogenesis and oncogenic

Question 17

Information on cell growth control
mechanisms was derived from?

Answer 17

cell culture

Question 18

When normal cells are grown
in vitro, they spread out to form a
single sheet of cells which called?

Answer 18

cell monolayer

Question 19

Growth ceases when the cells reach a
certain population density where they remain quiescent but healthy. This
mechanism is called?

Answer 19

density-dependent inhibition or contact inhibition for growth

Question 20

governed by chemical messengers

Answer 20

chalones

Question 21

grow in haphazard fashion, piling up into multiple layers,and tend to grow
until they have exhausted the culture media, with less responsiveness to density dependent inhibition.

Answer 21

neoplastic cells

Question 22

When normal cells, as influenced by some factors, loses their innate characteristics and become neoplastic cells, the process is known as?

Answer 22

neoplastic transformation

Question 23

Morphologically, transformed cells
exhibit the following characteristics:

Answer 23

1) May or may not resemble their
cell origin
2) Presents increased nucleus to
cytoplasmic ratio, the nuclei being
enlarged, hyperchromatic and may be multinucleated
3) Chromosomes may present mitotic figures
4) They lack orientation to adjacent cells;
5) Decreased rough endoplasmic
reticulum and increased free
ribosomes.

Question 24

Besides morphological changes,
transformed cells exhibit the
following characteristics:

Answer 24

✓ transplant ability
✓ immortality
✓ tumorigenicity
✓ antigenic changes
✓ karyotypic changes
✓ biochemical changes

Question 25

will grow in tissue culture or in syngeneic host

Answer 25

transplantability

Question 26

will divide and replicate indefinitely provided that nutrients required for growth are present

Answer 26

immortality

Question 27

forms tumors or tissue masses in syngeneic host

Answer 27

tumorigenicity

Question 28

presents altered surface antigens

Answer 28

antigenic changes

Question 29

although the observed karyotypic changes arerarely characteristic of any one tumor, chromosomal damage or alterationin base pairs may be basic to the induction of neoplasm

Answer 29

karyotypic changes

Question 30

neoplastic cells contains;

Answer 30

✓ less cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) ✓ more cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)

Question 31

Based on the tissue origin, the neoplasm could be?

Answer 31

epithelial or mesenchymal

Question 32

derived from one embryonic germ layer

Answer 32

mixed neoplasm

Question 33

example of mixed neoplasm

Answer 33

mammary gland tumors in dogs

Question 34

a neoplasm containing tissue derived from more than one germ layer, and may contain any number of tissues of any type, including bone, skin, nervous tissue, muscle, hair and others.

Answer 34

teratoma

Question 35

describes those that are relatively inoffensive, grow slowly by expansion, are circumscribed, does not undergo metastasis

Answer 35

benign neoplasm

Question 36

refers to those that are aggressive and potentially life threatening.

Answer 36

malignant neoplasm

Question 37

benign neoplasm derived from fibroblast

Answer 37

fibroma

Question 38

Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelia

Answer 38

adenomas

Question 39

“adenoma” is nonspecific, the tissue origin is usually named;

Answer 39

✓ adenoma of sweat gland ✓ thyroid gland adenoma ✓ adrenal cortex adenoma

Question 40

it forms cystic cavitations

Answer 40

cystadenoma

Question 41

is one that forms branching finger-like projections into the lumen

Answer 41

papillary adenoma

Question 42

one derived from ducts

Answer 42

ductural adenoma

Question 43

arenneoplasms growing at the surfaces

Answer 43

polyps or papilloma

Question 44

Malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin

Answer 44

sarcoma

Question 45

Malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin

Answer 45

carcinoma

Question 46

form solid patters, and thosethat form recognizable ducts; tubules or acini

Answer 46

adenocarcinoma

Question 47

example of adenocarcinoma

Answer 47

✓ squamous cell carcinoma ✓ adenocarcinoma of sweat glands

Question 48

neoplasms fail to mimic their tissue origin sufficiently for them to be recognized

Answer 48

poorly differentiated sarcoma or carcinoma

Question 49

refers to the degree by which they resemblemorphologically and functionally the tissues from which they originate

Answer 49

neoplastic cell differentiation

Question 50

are usually well differentiated such that they resemble the tissue oforigin both cytologically and architecturally

Answer 50

benign neoplasm

Question 51

vary greatly in the degree of differentiation, and they usually exhibit anaplasia

Answer 51

malignant neoplasm

Question 52

the failure of cells to differentiate pr loss differentiation

Answer 52

anaplasia

Question 53

is one of the hallmark's and the most important morphologic feature of malignancy

Answer 53

anaplasia

Question 54

anaplastic cells usually exhibit __________ where their nuclei become large, hyperchromatic or vesicular

Answer 54

pleomorphism

Question 55

retain the functional characteristics of the parent tissue, such that even their functional activity is intact

Answer 55

well-differentiated neoplasms

Question 56

Functional activity is in fact one of the basis on which the origin of neoplasms may be know;

Answer 56

✓ melanomas produce melanin ✓ osteosarcomas produce osteoid ✓ adenocarcinoma of thyroid produce colloid

Question 57

grow at a rapid rate than normal germinal cells, and may imply that neoplastic cells divide at a more rapid rate than normal tissue, which is not the case

Answer 57

malignant neoplasm

Question 58

what determines the growth rate of tissue?

Answer 58

✓ length of the mitotic cycle ✓ growth fraction ✓ rate of cell loss through necrosis and apoptosis

Question 59

in many cells, full differentiation precludes further ________

Answer 59

mitotic division

Question 60

contains a high proportion of cells unable to divide and so grow slowly

Answer 60

benign neoplasm

Question 61

contain many cells in the growth fraction and usually grows at a more rapid rate.

Answer 61

malignant neoplasm