Neoplasia

Question 1

Hamartoma

Answer 1

Disordered cells of the same organ

Question 2

Choristoma

Answer 2

Organized cells of another organ

Question 3

Hallmark of malignancy?

Answer 3

Anaplasia

Question 4

Morphology of anaplasia

1. Pleomorphism
2. Nuclear morphology
3. Mitoses
4. Loss of polarity
5. Necrosis

Answer 4

1. Variable cell sizes
2. Increased nuclear to cytoplasm ratio
3. Mitotic figures
4. Disordered cells
5. Lack of blood supply

Question 5

The frequent second hit of RB is?

Answer 5

E7 protein of HPV

Question 6

The frequent second hit of p53 is?

Answer 6

E6 protein of HPV

Question 7

Multiple primary tumors will raise suspicion of?

Answer 7

Li fraumeni syndrome: P53 mutations

Question 8

Invasion of apoptosis is usually via the ________ pathway?

Answer 8

Intrinsic pathway or mitochondrial pathway

Question 9

Warburg metabolism is AEROBIC glycolysis; it is peculiar because?

Answer 9

More carbon moieties than ATP are produced vs oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 10

Hypoxia induces angiogenesis in the following 3 oncogenes encoding signal pathways.

Answer 10

RAS
MYC
MAPK

Question 11

The ability of cancer cells to metastasize 4 steps?

Answer 11

1. Loss of E cadherin
2. BM and ECM degradation by proteases
3. Migration

Question 12

Ability to evade host responses of cancer cells is due to

Answer 12

1. Antigen negative cells
2. Less MHC I on cells
3. Immunosupression

Question 13

SquaCA infection

Answer 13

HPV 16,18, 31,33

Question 14

Cholangiocarcinoma, infection

Answer 14

Clonorchis sienesis

Opistorchis viverrini

Question 15

GALT lymphoma, gastric AdenoCA

Answer 15

Helicobacter pylori

Question 16

Hepatocellular CA

Answer 16

Hep B, Hep C

Question 17

Burkitt lymphoma, B cell NHL

Answer 17

EBV

Question 18

Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 18

HHV 8

Question 19

Priamry CNS lymphoma

Answer 19

HIV

Question 20

Bladder SCCA

Answer 20

Schistosoma haematobium

Question 21

Alcohol causes

Answer 21

HCC

Question 22

Arsenic causes

Answer 22

Skin SCCA

Liver angiosarcoma

Question 23

Benzene causes

Answer 23

AML

Question 24

Nitrosamine

Answer 24

Esophagus, stomach

Question 25

Cadimium

Answer 25

Prostate

Question 26

Anilline

Answer 26

Urothelial carcinoma

Question 27

Vinyl chloride

Answer 27

Liver angiosarcoma

Question 28

Radiation

Answer 28

Skin SCCA | Melanoma

Question 29

Sjogren syndrome and hashimoto thyroiditis cuases

Answer 29

MALT lymphoma

Question 30

Causes cancer cachexia

Answer 30

TNF alpha | Proteolysis inducing factor

Question 31

Small cell lung cancer Pancreatic CA Neural tumors Cause what paraneoplastic syndrome?

Answer 31

Cushing syndrome via ACTH

Question 32

Small cell lung cancer and intracranial neoplasms cause what syndrome?

Answer 32

SIADH via ADH/vasopressin

Question 33

SquaCA, breast CA, Renal CA cause

Answer 33

hypercalcemia via TNF IL1 PTHrP

Question 34

Renal cell CA, cerebellar Hemangioma cuase?

Answer 34

Polycethemia via EPO

Question 35

Bronchogenic CA thymic neoplasms cuase?

Answer 35

Myasthenia

Question 36

Acanthosis nigricans is seen in what cancers/

Answer 36

Gastric CA, Lung CA, Uterine CA Secretion of EGF

Question 37

Clubbing of fingers is seen in?

Answer 37

Bronchogenic CA and thymic neoplasms

Question 38

Trosseau syndrome or venous thrombosis is seen in?

Answer 38

Pancreatic CA and Bronchogenic CA (clotting factors activation calcium)

Question 39

DIC is seen in?

Answer 39

Acute promyelocytic leukemia | Prostatic CA