Neoplasia

Question 1

“New Growth”

Answer 1

Neoplasia

Question 2

Uncontrolled growth of cells, whose proliferation cannot be controlled by normal regulatory mechanisms of normal tissues

Answer 2

Neoplasia

Question 3

The proliferation of neoplastic cells lead to what?

Answer 3

Tumors, in latin means “swelling”

Question 4

Greek word for swelling

Answer 4

“Onkos”

Question 5

Not all neoplasms are tumors. What is an example of this?

Answer 5

Leukemia

Question 6

Not all swellings are neoplasms. Give an example.

Answer 6

Inflammations

Question 7

How are tumors classified? (2 ways)

Answer 7

1. Clinically (takes into account pt presentation & outcome)
2. Histologically (gives morphologic make-up of neoplasm)

Question 8

Are tumors classified as benign/malignant based on clinical presentation or histology?

Answer 8

The correlation of both

Question 9

Tumor w/ limited growth potential & good outcome

Answer 9

Benign tumor

Question 10

Tumor which grows uncontrollably & may kill host eventually

Answer 10

Malignant tumor

Question 11

Definitive dx of tumors, whether benign or malignant is made by what?

Answer 11

The pathologist through pathologic examination

Question 12

Tumors which are sharply demarcated from normal tissue & often encapsulated

Answer 12

Benign tumors

Question 13

The capsule of a benign tumor is composed of what?

Answer 13

Connective tissue

Question 14

Which tumors have an “expansile growth” and usually compress the normal surrounding tissue.

Expansile growth: pushing and well-circumscribed tumor border.

Answer 14

Benign tumors

(Macroscopic feature)

Question 15

“Aden” + “Oma”

What do they mean?

What is an example?

Answer 15

Aden = glandular

Oma = benign

Ex: Colonic Polyp (tubular adenoma)

Question 16

What are “fibroid tumors” called?

Give an example.

Answer 16

Leiomyoma

Ex: benign Leiomyomas of the Uterus

Question 17

Tumors which lack a capsule and are not sharply demarcated from normal tissue.

Answer 17

Malignant tumors

(macroscopic features)

Question 18

Which tumors invade surrounding tissue by infiltration causing a hallmark, “hemorrhage and necrosis” within the tissue?

Answer 18

Malignant tumors

(Macroscopic features)

Question 19

• Why can’t malignant tumors be removed as easily as benign tumors?
• What is done instead of surgical removal?

Answer 19

• Due to infiltrative growth & lack of sharp borders.
• Debulking & chemotherapy

Question 20

1 pediatric tumor of infancy

Answer 20

Wilms Tumor - Hemorrhage & Necrosis

(Kidney w/ huge mass)

*Malignant

Question 21

• Process in which cells move from one site to another in the body
• Only malignant tumor cells have this capacity
• Involves spread of tumor cells from a primary location to some other site in body

Answer 21

Metastasis

Question 22

What is the one example of malignant cells which are not capable of metastasis?

Answer 22

Primary brain tumors (they will not leave the neuro axis, can only go to brain and spinal cord)

Question 23

• How many routes of metastasis are their? (pathways)
• What are they?

Answer 23

• 3
• Lymphatics
• Bloodstream
• Direct extension of primary tumor, usually by seeding of the surface of body cavities

Question 25

What route of metastasis does breast cancer take?

Answer 25

Lymphatics

Question 26

Which route of metastasis do most/many cancers take?

Answer 26

Bloodstream

Question 27

Which route of metastasis does Renal Cell Carcinoma seeding to adrenal gland take?

Answer 27

Direct extension

Question 28

\*\*Metastatic Stomach Carcinoma to Ovary, what is this called?\*\*

Answer 28

Krukenberg Tumor

Question 29

Retain the microscopic features of their tissue of origin and are named according to the cell type which they resemble most

Answer 29

Cells of benign tumors, named by their cell type plus "OMA"

Question 30

If **epithelial and glandular** origin, what is the name of the benign tumor?

Answer 30

**Adenoma** (Ex: Thyroid follicular adenoma, hepatic adenoma)

Question 31

If **squamous** origin, what is the name of the benign tumor?

Answer 31

Papilloma | (Ex: skin or laryngeal papillomas)

Question 32

What would the name of a benign thyroid tumor be called? (thyroid gland)

Answer 32

Thyroid Follicular **Adenoma**

Question 33

What is a benign liver tumor called?

Answer 33

Hepatic Adenoma

Question 34

What is a benign tumor on the skin of someone's hand called?

Answer 34

Papilloma

Question 35

If a tumor is benign and of **mesenchyma**l (embryonic connective tissue that is derived from the mesoderm) or **connective tissue** origin, how is it named?

Answer 35

Origin tissue + OMA

Question 36

Chondroma

Answer 36

Benign tumor on **cartilage** (connective tissue)

Question 37

Osteoma

Answer 37

Benign tumor from **osseous tissue** \*bone\* | (usually on skull)

Question 38

Leiomyoma

Answer 38

Benign tumor on **smooth muscle**

Question 39

Lipoma

Answer 39

Benign tumor on **fat tissue**

Question 40

Angioma

Answer 40

Benign tumor on **blood vessel**

Question 41

Rhabdomyoma

Answer 41

Benign tumor on **skeletal muscle**

Question 42

Fibroma

Answer 42

Benign tumor on **fibrous tissue (collagen)**

Question 43

What are _malignant_ tumors of _epithelial origin_ called?

Answer 43

Carcinomas

Question 44

_Malignant tumors_ of breast, prostate, ovary, stomach, or colon are called what?

Answer 44

Adenocarcinoma

Question 45

Transitional cell carcinoma is found where?

Answer 45

* Pelvis of kidneys * Bladder

Question 46

Breast Carcinoma and Gastric Carcinoma can also be called what?

Answer 46

Adenocarcinoma

Question 47

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) and Colon Cancer can also be called what?

Answer 47

Adenocarcinoma

Question 48

What are _malignant tumors of connective tissue_ origin called?

Answer 48

Sarcoma

Question 49

_Malignant fibrous tissue_ is called what?

Answer 49

Fibrosarcoma

Question 50

_Malignant fat tissue_ is called what?

Answer 50

Liposarcoma

Question 51

_Malignant bone tissue_ is called what?

Answer 51

Osteosarcoma

Question 52

_Malignant cartilage_ is called what?

Answer 52

Chondrosarcoma

Question 53

_Malignant skeletal muscle_ is called what?

Answer 53

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 54

_Malignant smooth muscle_ is called what?

Answer 54

Leiomyosarcoma

Question 55

Where is a liposarcoma commonly found?

Answer 55

Retroperitoneal (fat around kidney becomes malignant)

Question 56

A common tumor in pediatric patients. Malignant bone tumors.

Answer 56

Osteosarcoma

Question 57

* Common tumor in young female pediatric patients described a "grape-like clusters" * Easily treatable * Develops on vaginal orifice * Malignant

Answer 57

Rhabdomyosarcoma | (Sarcoma Botryoides)

Question 58

What are the 6 malignant tumors which end in OMA (exceptions to the "Benign Oma Rule")

Answer 58

1. Lymphoma 2. Melanoma 3. Astrocytoma (most common glial brain tumor) 4. Seminoma (most common primary testicular tumor) 5. Mesothelioma 6. Blastoma

Question 59

Very malignant and aggressive due to long term exposure to Asbestos

Answer 59

Mesothelliomas (Rind Tumor)

Question 60

Malignant tumors composed of embryonic tissue

Answer 60

Blastomas * Ex: retinoblastoma of eye * neuroblastoma of adrenal gland * Medulloblastoma from cerebellum (#1 pediatric brain tumor)