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Neoplasia I Flashcards

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1
Q

What is neoplasia?

A

Process of uncontrolled growth

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2
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

Abnormal mass of tissue, where growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue

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3
Q

What are the features of neoplasms?

A

Progressive, purposeless, pathological proliferation of cells

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4
Q

What causes a neoplasm?

A

Loss of control over cell division d/t DNA damage and growth at control points

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5
Q

What are benign tumors?

A

Neoplasm that grows, WITHOUT invading adjacent tissues or spreading to distant sites

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6
Q

What are malignant tumors?

A

Neoplasm that invades surrounding normal tissue

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7
Q

A well circumscribed growth is characteristic of a benign or malignant tumor?

A

Benign

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8
Q

What are intermediate tumors?

A

Locally invasive–thus not benign, but there is NO tendency for metastasis

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9
Q

What is a carcinoma in situ?

A

Pre-invasive cell proliferation–cytological features of malignancy

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10
Q

What are parenchyma?

A

Clonal neoplastic cells

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11
Q

Tumors derive their name from what?

A

The parenchymal cells from which they arise from

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12
Q

What is stroma?

A

The CT, blood vessels, macrophages, and lymphocytes

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13
Q

What determines the growth and evolution of a tumor?

A

The stroma surrounding the neoplasm

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14
Q

Tumors derive their biological behavior from what?

A

Parenchyma from which they arise

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15
Q

What causes a tumor to be soft and fleshy?

A

Scant stroma

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16
Q

What causes a tumor to form (desmoplasia) or stony/hard (scirrhous)?

A

Abundant stroma

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17
Q

What is scirrhous?

A

Stony/hard characteristic of a tumor

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18
Q

What benign epithelial tissue tumors called (if they’re not from glands)?

A

Adenoma

Papilloma

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19
Q

What is the malignant epithelial tissues?

A

Carcinomas

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20
Q

Benign tumor from a gland = ? Malignant?

A 
Adenoma = benign
Adenocarcinoma = malignant
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21
Q

What is the suffix added to benign mesenchymal tissue?

A

-oma

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22
Q

What is the suffix added to malignant mesenchymal tissue?

A

-sarcoma

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23
Q

Malignant or benign: fibroma?

A

Benign

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24
Q

Malignant or benign: chondroma?

A

Benign

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25
Malignant or benign: osteoma lipoma
Benign
26
Leiomyomas are from where?
Muscle tissue
27
What are cystadenomas?
Adenomas with cavities or cysts
28
What is a polyp?
Club shaped growth/ epithelial tissue that projects from a mucosal surface (can be benign or malignant, usually benign)
29
What are papillomas?
Benign tumor that produces a finger-wart like projections from epithelial tissues
30
Malignant or benign: melanoma?
Malignant
31
Malignant or benign: lymphoma
Malignant
32
Malignant or benign: hepatoma
Malignant
33
Malignant or benign: astrocytoma
Malignant
34
Malignant or benign: granuloma
This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix
35
Malignant or benign: hematoma
This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix
36
Malignant or benign: harmartoma
This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix
37
Malignant or benign: choristoma
This is a non-neoplastic lesion with the same oma suffix
38
What is a hamartoma?
a benign, focal malformation that resembles a neoplasm in the tissue of its origin. This is not a malignant tumor, and it grows at the same rate as the surrounding tissues. It is composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass. --Wikipedia
39
What is a choristoma?
Ectopic rest of normal tissue (normal tissue in a foreign location)
40
Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: capsule present
Benign tumor
41
Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: slow growth
Benign tumor
42
Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: Invasion present
Carcinoma
43
Carcinoma/sarcoma or benign tumor: atypical mitosis
Carcinoma
44
What is the relative incidence of sarcoma vs carcinomas?
Sarcomas less common
45
What is the initial mode of spread for sarcomas vs carcinomas?
hematogeunous for sarcoma Lymphatic for carcinoma
46
What is the nomenclature for sarcomas vs carcinomas?
Tissue of origin + sarcoma Tissue of origin + carcinoma
47
What is the prognosis for sarcomas vs carcinomas?
Better for carcinomas
48
Are early distant metastases usually present with sarcoma or carcinomas?
Sarcoma
49
What are the tumors from hematopoietic cells?
Leukemias
50
What are the tumors from lymphoid cells?
Lymphomas
51
What is the most common extranodal site for a primary malignant lymphoma?
Stomach
52
Most lymphoma are of what type? (Hodgkin's or Non-Hodgkins)
Non-Hodgkins
53
What is the most common adult leukemia/overall leukemia?
CLL (Chronic lymphocytic Leukemia)
54
What is the common childhood leukemia?
ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia)
55
What is a teratoma?
Tumor composed of more than one parenchymal cells type (derived from more than one germ layer)
56
What is a benign teratoma?
Dermoid cyst / mature teratoma
57
What is a malignant teratoma?
Immature teratoma / teratocarcinoma
58
What is the degree of differentiated for malignant and benign tumors?
Well differentiated = benign, but can be malignant Poorly differentiated = malignant
59
What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
Hereditary intestinal polyposis syndrome Autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the development of benign, hamartomatous polyps in the GI tract + hyperpigmented macules
60
Coin lesion on a CT scan = ?
Tumor like lesion--pulmonary hamartoma
61
All tumors are (polyclonal or monoclonal)?
Monoclonal--all come from the same cell
62
Non-neoplastic proliferations are (monoclonal or polyclonal)?
Polyclonal
63
What are the four criteria used to differentiate a benign vs malignant tumor?
1. Rate of growth 2. Differentiation and anaplasia 3. Local invasion 4. Metastasis
64
What are the two major components of a tumor?
Parenchyma and the surrounding stroma
65
Benign of malignant: Seminoma?
malignant
66
Benign or malignant: adenoma?
Benign
67
Benign or malignant: fibroma
Benign
68
What do you call malignant cancer that have an epithelial cell origin?
Carcinoma
69
What do you call malignant cancer that have an mesenchymal cell origin?
Sarcoma
70
Transitional cell carcinoma = ?
Bladder CA
71
Dermoid cyst / mature teratoma = ?
Benign teratoma
72
Immature teratoma / teratocarcinoma = ?
Malignant teratoma
73
Development of benign hamartomatous polyps + hyperpigmented macules over the lips and oral mucosa = what disease?
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Pathology (32 decks)

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