Neoplasia I

Question 1

dysplasia

Answer 1

proliferation cells

loss size shape and orientation

Question 2

CIS

Answer 2

not invaded BM

nuclear:cytoplasm ratio increased

Question 3

invasive carcinoma

Answer 3

invaded BM
-metalloproteinase

loss E-cadherin

Question 4

P-glycoprotein

Answer 4

MDR1
-seen in adrenal cell carcinoma and other cancers

used to pump out toxins
-including chemotherapy agent

mechanism of resistance to chemo drug

Question 5

reversible

Answer 5

hyperplasia
metaplasia
dysplasia

Question 6

irreversible

Answer 6

anaplasia
neoplasia
desmoplasia

Question 7

anaplasia

Answer 7

loss structural differentiation and function of cells

resemble primitive cells

Question 8

desmoplasia

Answer 8

fibrous tissue formation

-response to neoplasm

Question 9

grade of tumor

Answer 9

differentiation

Question 10

stage of tumor

Answer 10

degree of spread
T - tumor
N - nodes
M - mets

Question 11

important for prognosis

Answer 11

stage

Question 12

carcinoma

Answer 12

epithelial origin

spread lymphatics

Question 13

sarcoma

Answer 13

mesenechymal origin

spread hematogenous

Question 14

carcinoma and sarcoma

Answer 14

malignant

Question 15

hamartoma

Answer 15

disorganized overgrowth tissue native location

Question 16

choristoma

Answer 16

normal tissue in foreign location

ex/ gastric tissue in meckel diverticulum

Question 17

hemangioma

Answer 17

blood vessel B9

Question 18

rhabdomyoma

Answer 18

striated muscle B9

Question 19

fibroma

Answer 19

CT B9

Question 20

osteoma

Answer 20

bone B9

Question 21

cachexia

Answer 21

TNF a

and IFN-gamma, IL1, IL6

Question 22

acanthosis nigricans

Answer 22

with GI neoplasm

or insulin resistance

Question 23

barret esophagus

Answer 23

precursor esophageal adenocarcinoma

Question 24

ulcerative colitis

Answer 24

predispose colon adenocarcinoma

Question 25

cirrhosis

Answer 25

predispose hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 26

actinic keratosis

Answer 26

precursor SCC of skin

Question 27

dysplastic nevus

Answer 27

precursor malignant melanoma

Question 28

multiple seborrheic keratoses

Answer 28

precursor GI, breast, lung, lymph malignancy

Question 29

paget disease of bone

Answer 29

predispose to secondary osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma

Question 30

plummer vinson syndrome

Answer 30

predispose to SCC of esophagus

Question 31

tuberous sclerosis

Answer 31

multiple hamartoma - B9

Question 32

xeroderma pigmentosa

Answer 32

predispose to SCC, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma

Question 33

AIDS

Answer 33

predispose aggressive lymphoma - non-hodgkin and kaposi sarcoma

Question 34

autoimmune disease

Answer 34

predispose lymphoma

Question 35

down syndrome

Answer 35

predispose ALL

Question 36

immunodeficiency

Answer 36

predispose lymphoma, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma

Question 37

li fraumeni syndrome

Answer 37

p53 mutation | predispose to lots o cancers

Question 38

radiation exposure

Answer 38

risk for leukemia, sarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer, breast cancer

Question 39

oncogenes

Answer 39

need damage only 1 allele

Question 40

tumor suppressor genes

Answer 40

need damage both alleles