Neoplasms Flashcards
Brain edema type in lead encephalopathy
Vasogenic
Brain edema type in malignant hypertensiln
Vasogenic
Brain edema type in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Cytotoxic
Brain edema type in SIADH encephalopathy
Cytotoxic
Brain edema type in osmotic dysequilibrium syndrom of hemodialysis
Cytotoxic
True or False. High levels of MGMT means poor response to Temozolamide
True.
But if MGMT is methylated, then there is a better response
EGFR inhibitors
Erlotinib
Gefitinib
VEGF inhibitors
Bevacizumab
Describe the characteristic histologic findings of glioblastoma
AMEN Atypia Mitosis Endothelial proliferation Necrosis
Hypercellularity with pleomorphism of cells and NUCLEAR ATYPIA; identifiable astrocytes with fibrils in combination with primitive forms in many cases; tumor giant cells and cells in MITOSIS; HYPERPLASIA OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of small vessels; and NECROSIS, hemorrhage, and thrombosis of vessels.
In GBM, what is the significance of
- EFGR gene amplification
- p53 gene mutation
in relation to affected age group and development of GBM
Amplification of the EGFR gene is characteristic in older patients with tumors that begin entirely as glioblastomas
Acquired mutations of the p53 gene tend to occur in younger indi viduals whose tumors progress from an astrocytoma to a glioblastoma
Explain the Stupp protocol
Temozolamide is administered daily (75 mg/m2) concurrently with radiotherapy (fractionated focal irradiation in daily fractions of 2Gy given 5 days per week for a total of 60Gy) for 6 weeks and, after a hiatus of 4 weeks, given at 150 to 200mg/m2 for 5 days every 28 days for 6 cycles.
In GBM, what is median survival rate when Stupp protocol is followed?
14.6 months
In GBM, what is the median survival rate with surgical removal and radiotherapy (no chemotherapy with temozolamide) alone?
12 months
In GBM, what is the median survival rate without treatment?
7-9 months
Instead of alpha ketoglutarate, what substrate is produced by a mutated IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) produce?
2- hydroxyglutarate (2HG)
True or false.
Radiofrequency energy exposure for portable cellular devices has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as “possibly carcinogenic.”
True.
Radiofrequency energy exposure from portable cellular devices has failed to be linked to elevated incidence of meningiomas (or gliomas), however due to some inconclusive data, and mainly social pressure, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as “possibly carcinogenic.”
Explain why meningiomas are more common in women than in men
Some meningiomas contain estrogen and pro gesterone receptors. The implications of these findings are not yet clear, but may relate to the increased incidence of the tumor in women, its tendency to enlarge during pregnancy, and an association with breast cancer.
These are laminated calcific bodies seen in Meningiomas
Psammoma Bodies
What is the most common form of Meningioma?
Meningothelial Form
According to the WHO 2016, meningioma with brain invasion is what grade?
Grade II
What are the malignant cells in lymphoma
B lymphocytes
rarely, T lymphocytes
This is a purely meningeal form of B cell lymphoma that involves the peripheral nerves presenting with painful, predominantly motor polyradiculopathies
Neurolymphomatosis
Lymphoma: Reticulin stain
Positive or negative?
Positive
What viral genome is implicated in PCNSL?
EBV genome
