Nerve Cells

Question 1

Basic functional unit of CNS

Answer 1

Nerve Cells

Question 2

Protectors and repairers of nerve cells

Answer 2

Neuroglial cells

Question 3

Input to neuron

Answer 3

Cell body and dendrite

Question 4

Output of neuron

Answer 4

Axon

Question 5

Two components of cell body

Answer 5

Nucleus and Cytoplasm

Question 6

Cytoplasm organelles funtion?

Answer 6

metabolize protein for maintenance and growth

Question 7

Protein of cell bodies conducted through:

Answer 7

Microtubles

Question 8

Mitochondria function

Answer 8

Cellular power plants, Energy in form of ATP

Question 9

Lysosomes function

Answer 9

Intracellular digestion

Question 10

Ribosomes function

Answer 10

Assemble protein

Question 11

Golgi Bodies function

Answer 11

Protein secretion

Question 12

Branching of dendrites known as:

Answer 12

Arborization

Question 13

Part of neuron with greatest density of voltage dependent sodium channels

Answer 13

Axon Hillock

Question 14

Axons termination branches

Answer 14

Telodendria

Question 15

Intervals between Myelin Sheath

Answer 15

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 16

Supply myelin for PNS neurons

Answer 16

Schwann Cells

Question 17

Supply myelin for CNS neurons

Answer 17

Oligodendrocytes

Question 18

Myelin growth

Answer 18

Myelogenesis

Question 19

Connection point between neurons

Answer 19

Synapse

Question 20

Three parts of synapse

Answer 20

Knob, cleft, receptive site

Question 21

Receptive sites

Answer 21

Axodendritic synapse, axoaxonic synapse, axosomatic synapse

Question 22

Unipolar neurons

Answer 22

Dendrite and axon emerging from same process

Question 23

Bipolar neurons

Answer 23

Single axon and single dendrite on opposite ends of soma

Question 24

Multipolar neurons

Answer 24

More than two dendrites

Question 25

Golgi I

Answer 25

Neurons with long-projecting axonal processes

Question 26

Golgi II

Answer 26

Neurons whose axonal process projects locally

Question 27

Afferent neurons

Answer 27

Convey information from tissues and organs into CNS

Question 28

Efferent

Answer 28

Transmit signals from CNS to effector cells

Question 29

Interneurons

Answer 29

connect neurons within specific regions of CNS

Question 30

Convergent circuit

Answer 30

Receive info from multiple sources

Question 31

Divergent circuit

Answer 31

Amplifies an impulse

Question 32

Lateral inhibition

Answer 32

Results in sharpening response by inhibiting adjacent neurons

Question 33

Reverberating circuits

Answer 33

Self-propagating system

Question 34

Neuron not transmitting a signal

Answer 34

Resting State

Question 35

Resting membrane potential

Answer 35

-70 mV

Question 36

Inside cell molecule concentration

Answer 36

Low in Sodium and high in Potassium

Question 37

Maintains concentration gradients for both sodium and potassium ions

Answer 37

Sodium-potassium active pump

Question 38

What changes the shape of the protein ion channel?

Answer 38

Addition of phosphate group to ATP

Question 39

When phosphate is release and protein returns to former shape what happens?

Answer 39

two potassium ions are moved across membrane

Question 40

Hyperpolarization

Answer 40

Cell interior becomes more negative

Question 41

Depolarization

Answer 41

Cell interior becomes less negative

Question 42

Action potential

Answer 42

Temporary reversal of charges of neuron cell

Question 43

To trigger action potential how much change in mV?

Answer 43

10 mV, threshold

Question 44

Excitatory stimulus causes:

Answer 44

voltage-gated sodium channels to open

Question 45

When do the sodium channels close?

Answer 45

+40 mV

Question 46

When action potential is reached?

Answer 46

Potassium channels begin to open

Question 47

Movement of potassium ions causes?

Answer 47

Reversal of membrane potential to negative, Repolarization

Question 48

Overshooting of electrical gradient called?

Answer 48

Hyperpolarization, -80 to -90 mV

Question 49

What is the name of the period after hyperpolarization?

Answer 49

Refractory period

Question 50

How long do action potentials last?

Answer 50

5-10 milliseconds

Question 51

Why does action potential only travel in one direction?

Answer 51

Membrane behind is still in refractory

Question 52

Two factors affecting action potentials

Answer 52

Axon diameter and myelination

Question 53

Voltage gated sodium channels are concentrated in?

Answer 53

The nodes of ranvier

Question 54

Conduction along myelinated fibers

Answer 54

Saltatory Conduction

Question 55

Release of neurotransmitters

Answer 55

Exocytosis

Question 56

Arriving action potential produces influx of?

Answer 56

Calcium ions

Question 57

Postsynaptic potentials are?

Answer 57

Graded potentials

Question 58

If pump results in net gain of positive charge across membrane:

Answer 58

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

Question 59

If pump results in net gain of negative charge?

Answer 59

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Question 60

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials neurotransmitter bindings

Answer 60

Flow of Sodium or carbon, membrane becomes less negative

Question 61

Inhibitory PP

Answer 61

Leads to opening of chlorine or potassium channels, more negative

Question 62

Action potential will occur in postsynpatic neuron if postsynaptic cell is?

Answer 62

Depolarized

Question 63

Two types of Neurotransmitters

Answer 63

Small and large molecules (short and long lasting)

Question 64

Acetylcholine

Answer 64

In CNS, regulates forebrain activity, In PNS, controls voluntary movements of motor fibers

Question 65

Dopamine

Answer 65

Affects movement and cognition and memory

Question 66

Dopamine also functions as:

Answer 66

Motivation and pleasure

Question 67

Norepinephrine

Answer 67

stress hormone, fight-or-flight responds

Question 68

Serotonin

Answer 68

Plays role in regulation of mood, sleep, emesis, sexuality and appetite

Question 69

GABA

Answer 69

Brains natural calming agent