nerve I

Question 1

name the functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

-sensory (from all senses)
-memory and thinking
-motor (muscle control)

Question 2

what are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 2

-central nervous system (CNS)
-peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

what is the CNS composed of?

Answer 3

-brain
-spinal cord

Question 4

what is the PNS composed of?

Answer 4

nerves known as ganglia, and they are devided into two:
-somatic (skeletal muscles control)
-autonomic (involuntary control)

Question 5

what are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 5

-symathetic nervous system
-parasympathetic nervous system

Question 6

in the CNS, what is the brain responsible for?

Answer 6

-sensations
-motor control
-thoughts
-memory
-emotions

Question 7

what is the function of the spinal cord?

Answer 7

-it acts as the pathway to and from the brain that coordinates subconscious activities, such as stretch reflex and walking.

Question 8

which nerves that send signals to and from muscles and organs?

Answer 8

nerves of the PNS (ganglia)

Question 9

the PNS has two types of nerves, what are they?

Answer 9

-Afferent (sensory)
-Efferent (motor)

Question 10

what is the pathway of afferent nerves?

Answer 10

from muscles and organs to the spinal cord and brain.

Question 11

what is the pathway of efferent nerves?

Answer 11

from brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs

Question 12

nerves from the brain stem to head region are called ….

Answer 12

cranial nerves

Question 13

nerves from the spinal cord to the body are called ….

Answer 13

spinal nerves

Question 14

name the six major parts of the brain

Answer 14

-Cerebrum (telencephalon)
-Thalamus and Hypothalamus (diencephalon)
-Cerebellum
-Midbrain (mesencephalon)
-Pons
-Medulla oblongata

Question 15

what are the different lobes of the brain called?
(picture slide 10)

Answer 15

-frontal lobe
-parietal lobe
-temporal lobe
-occiptial lobe

Question 16

Fissure and Sulcus of the brain (picture slide 10)

Answer 16

1-longitudital fissure (between the two hemispheres)y
2-sylvian fissure (between frontal and temporal lobes)
3-central sulcus (between frontal and parietal lobes)
4-parieto-occipital sulcus (between parietal and occipital lobes)

Question 17

what make up the cerebrum?

Answer 17

2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 18

how are the 2 cerebral hemispheres connected?

Answer 18

by the corpus callosum and anterior commissure

Question 19

what part of the cerebral cortex in the motor area?

Answer 19

in the frontal lobe

Question 20

what part of the brain is for specific movements (ex: finger)

Answer 20

in the motor cortex anterior to the central sulcus (frontal lobe)

Question 21

what part of the brain is for learned skills (sequence of movement)?

Answer 21

permotor cortex, anterior to motor cortex

Question 22

Where is the motor area of the brain

Answer 22

Frontal lobe

Question 23

what is the function of the prefrontal area of the cerebral cortex? (anterior half of frontal lobe)

Answer 23

thougt processes and planning

Question 24

what part of the cerebral cortex is the somesthetic (somatic sensory) area?

Answer 24

the entire parietal lobe

Question 25

what are the fucntion of the parietal lobe?

Answer 25

somatic sensory control: -preception of sensations from the body (touch, position, temperature, pain) -interprets primary sensory signals from receptors (just feel the sensation) -interprets secondary sensory signals (signals that give meaning to sensation)

Question 26

what are the visual areas of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 26

the entire occipital lobe

Question 27

what is the primary and secondary funtion of the occipital lobe?

Answer 27

primary: -to sence visual signals, such as light, darkness, and lines. secondary: -to make meaning of visual signals.

Question 28

what are the auditory areas of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 28

the temporal lobe

Question 29

what is the primary and secondary funtion of the temporal lobe?

Answer 29

primary: -to sence tones and loudnss secondary: -to make meaning of auditory signals

Question 30

what is meant by primary and secondary functions of the different cerebral cortex lobes?

Answer 30

-primary: to collect information -secondary: to combine these information and have a full vision and meaning

Question 31

what are the cells of the CNS called?

Answer 31

Neurons (they have action potential)

Question 32

what are the cells of the CNS called?

Answer 32

Glia (neuroglia)

Question 33

name the different glial cells of the CNS

Answer 33

4 major: -astrocytes -microglia -oligodendrocytes -shwann cells (+ependymal cells)

Question 34

what are the functions of glial cells

Answer 34

-they play a major role in the blood brain barrier (BBB) -they control extracellular environment of neurons

Question 35

what is the main glial cell the creats the BBB?

Answer 35

astrocytes

Question 36

what is the function of the BBB?

Answer 36

it blockes any chemicals from going to the brain

Question 37

what glial cells are responsible for myelination?

Answer 37

-oligodendrocytes myelinate axons within the CNS (one oligodendrocyte myelinates many axons) -Shwann cells myelinate axons in the PNS (several Shwann cells myelinate one axon)

Question 38

what is the function of microglia?

Answer 38

-immunity in the CNS

Question 39

when are microglia activated?

Answer 39

during CNS inflammation

Question 40

what glial cell acts as the gardian of the cell and does not help in function of neurons?

Answer 40

microglia

Question 41

name the different parts of a neuron

Answer 41

-cell body -dendrites -axon

Question 42

what is the function of neurons?

Answer 42

synapses

Question 43

what is the function of the neuron's cell body?

Answer 43

nourishment

Question 44

what is the function of the neuron's dendrites?

Answer 44

receiving signals

Question 45

what is the function of the neuron's axon?

Answer 45

a nerve fiber that sends signals

Question 46

synapses

Answer 46

it is where the axon ending contacts dendrite, soma, or axon